{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:32:11Z","timestamp":1788352331298,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Hyperbaric oxygen is a recognised treatment for a range of medical conditions, including treatment of diabetic foot disease. A number of studies have reported an impact of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on glycaemic control in patients undergoing treatment for diabetic foot disease. There has been no systematic review considering the impact of hyperbaric oxygen on glycaemia in people with diabetes. Materials and Methods: A prospectively PROSPERO-registered (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021255528) systematic review of eligible studies published in English in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases, based on the following search terms: hyperbaric oxygen therapy, HBO2, hyperbaric oxygenation, glycaemic control, diabetes, diabetes Mellitus, diabetic, HbA1c. Data extraction to pre-determined piloted data collection form, with individual assessment of bias. Results: In total, 10 eligible publications were identified after screening. Of these, six articles reported a statistically significant reduction in blood glucose from hyperbaric oxygen treatment, while two articles reported a statistically significant increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Two articles also identified a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c following hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Conclusions: There is emerging evidence suggesting a reduction in glycaemia following hyperbaric oxygen treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus, but the existing studies are in relatively small cohorts and potentially underpowered. Additional large prospective clinical trials are required to understand the precise impact of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on glycaemia for people with diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57101134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T03:01:13Z","timestamp":1634698873000},"page":"1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Systematic Review to Assess the Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Glycaemia in People with Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Sudhanshu","family":"Baitule","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0794-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaran H.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"},{"name":"Warwick Medical School, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narasimha","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"},{"name":"Warwick Medical School, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sailesh","family":"Sankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"},{"name":"Warwick Medical School, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6997-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kyrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"},{"name":"Warwick Medical School, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK"},{"name":"Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"},{"name":"Warwick Medical School, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpal S.","family":"Randeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"},{"name":"Warwick Medical School, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5230-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK"},{"name":"Warwick Medical School, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.28920\/dhm47.2.131-132","article-title":"Tenth 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Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.22.4.162","article-title":"Effects of Glycemic Control on Diabetes Complications and on the Prevention of Diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Skyler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-015-0088-6","article-title":"Correlation of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose with HbA1c in assessing glycemic control; systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Ketema","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.22462\/06.08.2019.6","article-title":"Blood glucose levels in diabetic patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy","volume":"46","author":"Wojcik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"62","article-title":"Blood sugar changes in diabetic patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy","volume":"33","author":"Trytko","year":"2003","journal-title":"South Pac. Underw. Med. Soc. J."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"81","article-title":"Blood sugar levels and hyperbaric oxygen","volume":"31","author":"Vote","year":"2001","journal-title":"South Pac. Underw. Med. Soc. J."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"218","article-title":"Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus, stroke or traumatic brain injury and healthy volunteers: A prospective, crossover, controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Peleg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"16","article-title":"Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on blood sugar levels and insulin levels in diabetics","volume":"31","author":"Ekanayake","year":"2001","journal-title":"South Pac. Underw. Med. Soc. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6425857","article-title":"A Pilot Study of Short-Duration Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy to Improve HbA1c, Leukocyte, and Serum Creatinine in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer Wagner 3\u20134","volume":"2018","author":"Irawan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S126288","article-title":"Repetitive hyperbaric oxygen treatment increases insulin sensitivity in diabetes patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18440-1_24","article-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Likely Involvement of the Carotid Bodies","volume":"860","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"191","article-title":"The incidence of hypoglycemia during HBO2 therapy: A retrospective review","volume":"42","author":"Stevens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03587.x","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in humans","volume":"29","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2006.05.009","article-title":"Influences of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Butler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/10\/1134\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:18:18Z","timestamp":1760167098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/57\/10\/1134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina57101134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57101134","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]}}}