{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:30:09Z","timestamp":1760236209381,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinically significant isolated viral tracheitis is scarce in adults, and upper airway obstruction caused by viral tracheitis is even more infrequent. A 74-year-old woman, who was administered low-dose steroids for two months for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), developed dyspnea with stridor and required mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. Chest computed tomography showed a diffuse tracheal wall thickening with luminal narrowing and peribronchial consolidation in the right upper lobe. Bronchoscopy revealed a proximal tracheal narrowing with multiple ulcerations of the tracheal mucosa surrounded by an erythematous margin. Pathologic examinations of the tracheal mucosal tissue, including immunohistochemistry, revealed a cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Furthermore, the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid was positive on the CMV real-time polymerase chain reaction. The patient was treated with intravenous ganciclovir for 44 days. The follow-up bronchoscopy 49 days after the initiation of ganciclovir revealed improved multiple ulcerations with scars. We report a rare case of tracheitis caused by coinfection with CMV and HSV in a patient with COPD who had been taking low-dose steroids for months. The case showed that CMV and HSV are potential causes of serious tracheitis and respiratory failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57111162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T23:54:33Z","timestamp":1635292473000},"page":"1162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tracheitis Caused by Coinfection with Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0486-6608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Mi","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So-Woon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won-Gun","family":"Kwack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2017.06.006","article-title":"Update on childhood and adult infectious tracheitis","volume":"47","author":"Blot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. 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