{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:58:48Z","timestamp":1769043528049,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tracheal atresia is an extremely rare condition whereby a partial or total obstruction of the trachea is seen. It is almost always lethal, with just a handful of cases that ended with a good outcome. In this study we report on a 15-week male fetus, diagnosed with hyperechogenic lungs, midline heart position and inverted diaphragm. Sonographic findings suggest congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) An ultrasound scan and fetal MRI were not able to point out the exact obstruction level. In spite of extensive counselling, the parents opted to carry on with the pregnancy. Fetal demise was noted on a scan at 19 weeks gestation. After the elective termination of pregnancy, a post-mortem examination showed partial tracheal atresia with no other anomalies. Despite technological progress in CHAOS syndrome, a precise diagnosis and accurate prognosis remain elusive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57111253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T02:42:28Z","timestamp":1637116948000},"page":"1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcome of Tracheal Agenesis as Part of Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome. Case Presentation and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2707-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiberiu","family":"Georgescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cAlessandrescu-Rusescu\u201d National Institute of Mother and Child Care, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viorica","family":"Radoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cAlessandrescu-Rusescu\u201d National Institute of Mother and Child Care, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micaela","family":"Radulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cAlessandrescu-Rusescu\u201d National Institute of Mother and Child Care, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Ilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisora, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oana Daniela","family":"Toader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cAlessandrescu-Rusescu\u201d National Institute of Mother and Child Care, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7175-0082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucian G.","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cAlessandrescu-Rusescu\u201d National Institute of Mother and Child Care, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolae","family":"Bacalbasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.5.567","article-title":"Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome and airway reconstruction: An evolving paradigm","volume":"128","author":"Hartnick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. 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