{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T15:29:33Z","timestamp":1767713373664,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: To report the long-term outcomes of patients with refractory Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) who underwent surgical excision of giant papillae (GP) with mitomycin C (MMC) 0.02% and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective interventional single-center case series including five eyes of four patients who had refractory, symptomatic VKC with GP, along with corneal shield ulcers and\/or punctate epithelial erosions. They underwent surgical excision of GP with MMC 0.02% alone (1 eye) or with MMC 0.02% and AMT (4 eyes). Their long-term visual and surgical outcomes were studied. Results: All subjects were male with bilateral involvement and mean age of presentation 9.8 years. The surgery was uneventful in all cases. Amongst the four eyes which underwent MMC with AMT, only one eye demonstrated papillary regrowth requiring repeat surgery. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 59 to 77 months (median 66 months). Four patients had the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) &gt;\/= 6\/9.5. One patient had BCVA 6\/15 at the final follow-up due to the presence of anterior corneal stromal scar and poor ocular surface. Conclusions: Surgical excision of GP in combination with MMC and AMT, in refractory VKC, is a good treatment option with better clinical outcomes over a longer follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58010019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T21:40:21Z","timestamp":1640295621000},"page":"19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long Term Outcomes of Surgical Excision of Giant Papillae with Mitomycin C and Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in the Treatment of Refractory Palpebral Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0564-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moushmi","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea and External Eye Disease Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6362-4898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodhbir S.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea and External Eye Disease Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700675","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"18","author":"Bonini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Tropical endemic limboconjunctivitis","volume":"53","author":"Diallo","year":"1976","journal-title":"Rev. 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