{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:46:50Z","timestamp":1793191610726,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HB16C0043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HB16C0043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Migraine headaches are chronic neurological diseases that reduce the quality of life by causing severe headaches and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, such as facial flushing, nasal stuffiness, and sweating. Their major treatment methods include medication and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT has been used for pain treatment and various psychogenic neurological diseases by reducing pain, disability, and emotional disorders caused by symptoms of mental illness and improving the understanding of mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CBT in treating migraines. Materials and Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched from the date of inception to December 2020. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) using CBT as an intervention for migraine were included. The primary outcome of this study was to determine the frequency of migraines and the intensity of migraines on Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the frequency of drug use, Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), and Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) index. The two authors independently conducted the data extraction and quality assessment of the included RCTs, and conducted meta-analysis with RevMan V.5.4. Results: Among the 373 studies, 11 RCTs were included in this systematic review. Seven out of the 11 RCTs were conducted in the USA, and four were conducted in the UK, Germany, Iran, and Italy, respectively. Headache frequency and MIDAS scores were statistically significant reduced. In the subgroup analysis, headache strength was significantly reduced. Two of the included studies reported adverse effects, including worsening of migraine intensity and frequency, respiratory symptoms, and vivid memory of a traumatic event. Conclusions: CBT for migraine effectively reduced headache frequency and MIDAS score in meta-analysis and headache intensity subgroup analysis, with few adverse events. Additional RCTs with CBT for migraine headaches are needed for a more accurate analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58010044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T06:55:03Z","timestamp":1640674503000},"page":"44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Migraine Headache: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3987-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-yong","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Neurology of College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0366-1707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Kyung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na-Yoen","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Ga-Chon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho-Yeon","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1660-2973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seon-Mi","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangkwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Center, Wonkwang University Gwangju Hospital, Gwangju 61729, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oriental Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, Oriental Medical School, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","article-title":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders third ed","volume":"38","author":"Olesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Vos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13642","article-title":"Discontinuation of Acute Prescription Medication for Migraine: Results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) Study","volume":"59","author":"Lipton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Van Den Brink, M., and MacGregor, E.A. 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