{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:34:47Z","timestamp":1760402087109,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001867","name":"Malta Council for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R&I-2017-033T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R&I-2017-033T"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015774","name":"University of Malta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Grants awarded to JNG and DA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Grants awarded to JNG and DA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Rowing is a sport that involves constant gripping, pulling\/pushing, and rotational movements of the hands, in a cyclic periodic manner with every stroke, with hundreds of strokes being taken within a short period of time. Dermatological issues on rowers\u2019 hands (fingers and palms) in the form of blisters and calluses are common knowledge within the community, but their prevalence and the rower\u2019s perceptions and pain tolerance to them has never been systematically evaluated. This work addresses these lacunae. Materials and Methods: Analysis of data collected from a survey on a sample of competitive (117) and noncompetitive rowers (28) who row on-water (total 145). Results: It was found that approximately 69% of rowers participating in this study have calluses on their hands for most of their time (considered by them as not painful). The incidence of blisters was found to be lower (but perceived as more painful). Their incidence was found to be fairly independent of the frequency and intensity of training, but they seem to affect most rowers equally at the beginning of season or during a change of position (nonconditioned hands). Blisters and calluses were reported to be mainly located on the proximal phalanges and metacarpo-phalangeal joint area of both hands, i.e., on the lower parts of the fingers and the upper inner palms. Conclusions: Rowers demonstrated a sense of acceptance of these dermatological issues, even a sense of pride in what they represent. The incidence of blisters becoming infected was estimated to be so low that most rowers would not have encountered such serious, albeit rare, consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58010077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1641518042000},"page":"77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Blisters and Calluses from Rowing: Prevalence, Perceptions and Pain Tolerance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5108-6551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph N.","family":"Grima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6806-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Vella Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4554-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Portelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior College Physics, Junior College, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James N.","family":"Grima-Cornish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6288-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daphne","family":"Attard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0489-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred","family":"Gatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4251-1621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Formosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2251-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Cerasola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Francesco Spallitta, 52, 90141 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Rowing Federation (2021). 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