{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:27:11Z","timestamp":1792686431831,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006541","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B2017\/BMD-3804 MITIC-CM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2017\/BMD-3804 MITIC-CM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a severe obstetric disease characterized by a low fetal size entailing a set of undesired consequences. For instance, previous studies have noticed a worrisome association between FGR with an abnormal neurodevelopment. However, the precise link between FGR and neurodevelopmental alterations are not yet fully understood yet. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a critical neurotrophin strongly implicated in neurodevelopmental and other neurological processes. In addition, serum levels of BDNF appears to be an interesting indicator of pathological pregnancies, being correlated with the neonatal brain levels. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the blood levels of BDNF in the cord blood from fetuses with FGR in comparison to those with weight appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Materials and Methods: In this study, 130 subjects were recruited: 91 in group A (AGA fetuses); 39 in group B (16 FGR fetuses with exclusively middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI) &lt; 5th percentile and 23 with umbilical artery (UA) PI &gt; 95th percentile). Serum levels of BDNF were determined through ELISA reactions in these groups. Results: Our results show a significant decrease in cord blood levels of BDNF in FGR and more prominently in those with UA PI &gt;95th percentile in comparison to AGA. FGR fetuses with exclusively decreased MCA PI below the 5th percentile also show reduced levels of BDNF than AGA, although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Overall, our study reports a potential pathophysiological link between reduced levels of BDNF and neurodevelopmental alterations in fetuses with FGR. However, further studies should be conducted in those FGR subjects with MCA PI &lt; 5th percentile in order to understand the possible implications of BDNF in this group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58020178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1643143218000},"page":"178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Cord Blood from Growth Restricted Fetuses with Doppler Alteration Compared to Adequate for Gestational Age Fetuses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5869-4450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jara","family":"Pascual-Mancho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Materno Infantile Familia Alonso (UDIMFFA), 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Prenatal Diagnosis, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Pintado-Recarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Materno Infantile Familia Alonso (UDIMFFA), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge C.","family":"Morales-Camino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Albacete Hospital, 02006 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2513-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Romero-Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Albacete Hospital, 02006 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Materno Infantile Familia Alonso (UDIMFFA), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coral","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Materno Infantile Familia Alonso (UDIMFFA), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2419-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Bujan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1309-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melchor","family":"Alvarez-Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, Center for Biomedical Research Network for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2588-1708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-2668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"De Le\u00f3n-Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Materno Infantile Familia Alonso (UDIMFFA), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22134","article-title":"ISUOG Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and management of small-for-gestational-age fetus and fetal growth restriction","volume":"56","author":"Lees","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. 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