{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:16:40Z","timestamp":1782857800955,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015825","name":"Korea University Anam Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["O2106591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["O2106591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Airway compression is a rare complication of esophageal stent placement. With the introduction of self-expanding metal stents, the incidence of bronchial obstruction by esophageal stents has decreased. Delayed external airway compression after esophageal stent implantation is rarely reported. We describe a case of left main bronchial obstruction after self-expandable esophageal stent placement. A 70-year-old patient with advanced esophageal cancer visited the emergency room (ER) with worsening cough and dyspnea. He had received palliative concurrent chemoradiotherapy after esophageal self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) insertion three months ago. One month before the ER visit, additional esophageal SEMS placement (stent-in-stent) was performed owing to the development of a tracheoesophageal fistula. After hospitalization, chest radiography revealed a patchy consolidation in the left lower lobe. A diagnosis of pneumonia was made, and the patient was treated with antibiotics. Seven days after antibiotic treatment, the patient developed a fever and severe dyspnea. Auscultation revealed the absence of breath sounds in the left hemithorax. A follow-up chest radiograph showed a white-out of the left hemithorax. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed luminal narrowing of the left main bronchus (LMB) due to external compression. Chest computed tomography further demonstrated compression of the LMB by esophageal stents. This case highlights that esophageal SEMS can present as an emergent and often life-threatening airway obstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58020231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T05:42:33Z","timestamp":1643866953000},"page":"231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Delayed Bronchial Obstruction following Esophageal Stent Implantation: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2214-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuk Soon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bora","family":"Keum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5780","article-title":"Airway complications after covered stent placement for malignant esophageal stricture: Special reference to radiation therapy","volume":"198","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJR Am. 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