{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:31:58Z","timestamp":1792737118511,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anal stenosis, which develops as a result of aggressive excisional hemorrhoidectomy, especially with the stoutly use of advanced technologies (LigaSure\u00ae, ultrasonic dissector, laser, etc.), has become common, causing significant deterioration in the patient\u2019s quality of life. Although non-surgical treatment is effective for mild anal stenosis, surgical reconstruction is unavoidable for moderate to severe anal stenosis that causes distressing, severe anal pain, and inability to defecate. The problem in anal stenosis, unlike anal fissure, is that the skin does not stretch as a result of chronic fibrosis due to surgery. Therefore, the application of lateral internal sphincterotomy does not provide satisfactory results in the treatment of anal stenosis. Surgical treatment methods are based on the use of flaps of different shapes and sizes to reconstruct the anal caliber and flexibility. This article aims to summarize most-used surgical techniques for anal stenosis regarding functional and surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58030362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T21:25:14Z","timestamp":1646169914000},"page":"362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["New Techniques in Hemorrhoidal Disease but the Same Old Problem: Anal Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Sezai","family":"Leventoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Cankaya, Ankara 06560, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bulent","family":"Mentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Proctology, Ankara Memorial Hospital, Cankaya, Ankara 06520, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengi","family":"Balci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06105, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halil Can","family":"Kebiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Cankaya, Ankara 06560, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1921","article-title":"Surgical treatment of anal stenosis","volume":"15","author":"Brisinda","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. 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