{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T12:58:58Z","timestamp":1784811538917,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since commercial development in 2003, the usage of modern electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) continues to increase amongst people who have never smoked, ex-smokers who have switched to e-cigarettes, and dual-users of both conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. With such an increase in use, knowledge of the irritative, toxic and potential carcinogenic effects on the lungs is increasing. This review article will discuss the background of e-cigarettes, vaping devices and explore their popularity. We will further summarise the available literature describing the mechanism of lung injury caused by e-cigarette or vaping use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58030412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T20:19:10Z","timestamp":1646943550000},"page":"412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Vaping-Associated Lung Injury: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Marissa","family":"O'Callaghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, D04 T6F Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D14 E099 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niamh","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, D04 T6F Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelie","family":"Fabre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D14 E099 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, D04 T6F Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, D04 T6F Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D14 E099 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cormac","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, D04 T6F Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D14 E099 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185937","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.5937","article-title":"Comparison of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure in Users of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes","volume":"1","author":"Goniewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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