{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:38:40Z","timestamp":1773009520142,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2020R1I1A1A01072353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A1A01072353"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2020R1I1A1A01069641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A1A01069641"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2018R1D1A1B07048040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A1B07048040"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of SMEs and Startups funded by the Korean government","award":["S2622262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2622262"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Traditional herbal medicines are becoming more popular as a complementary medication as they have the advantages of being mostly harmless and safe, causing fewer side-effects than conventional medications. Here, we demonstrate the inhibitory effects of the combination of Ulmus davidiana (UD) and Cornus officinalis (CO) extracts on osteoporotic bone loss. Materials and Methods: This study presented osteogenic effects in primary cultured osteoblasts, pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell lines, and osteoclastogenic effects in osteoclasts derived from bone marrow monocytes, and finally, protective effects on bone loss in an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic animal model. Results: A significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was observed following treatment with UD and CO mixtures (8:2, 7:3, and 5:5 ratios) and individual UD and CO extracts, with the highest ALP activity being detected for the treatment with UD and CO extracts at a 5:5 ratio. An optimal ratio of UD and CO (UC) extract promoted osteoblast differentiation in both pre-osteoblastic cells and primary osteoblasts by increasing osteoblastic markers such as Alpl, Runx2, and Bglap. However, treatment with the UC extract inhibited osteoclast differentiation with a decreased expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes, including Ctsk, Acp5, Mmp9, and Nfatc1. In addition, UC treatment prevented osteoporotic bone loss in OVX mice and improved impaired skeletal structure parameters. Conclusions: This study suggests that combined UD and CO extracts may be a beneficial traditional medicine for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58040466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T22:08:06Z","timestamp":1648073286000},"page":"466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Inhibitory Effect of Ulmus davidiana and Cornus officinalis Extracts on Osteoporotic Bone Loss In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9497-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeonghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2031-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Gun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hee","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seokjin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyoju","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1928-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunkuk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seon-Yong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Office of the Surgeon General (US) (2004). 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