{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:45:28Z","timestamp":1791927928643,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007088","name":"Jagiellonian University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N41\/DBS\/000302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N41\/DBS\/000302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease characterized by bacterial-dysbiosis-associated, host-mediated inflammation, which results in the loss of the tooth-supporting tissues. Vitamin D3 plays an important role in the tissue homeostasis and its deficiency might have a negative effect on the periodontitis progression and treatment outcomes. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the vitamin D3 serum levels among patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 generally healthy adult participants (50 diagnosed with periodontitis, 50 with healthy periodontium) were enrolled in the study. The periodontal clinical parameters were measured, radiographs were performed and the 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) test was used to assess vitamin D3 levels. Results: Vitamin D3 levels were found to be statistically significantly lower among periodontitis patients (31.34; SD = 5.62) compared with healthy controls (39.64; SD = 8.77). Vitamin D3 deficiency was corresponding to the stage and grade of the disease as well as the clinical attachment and bone loss. Conclusion: Adequate monitoring of the vitamin D3 serum levels and supplementation could be of benefit in periodontitis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58050585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T22:22:41Z","timestamp":1650838961000},"page":"585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Vitamin D3 Serum Levels in Periodontitis Patients: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Olszewska-Czyz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Prophylaxis and Oral Pathology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University, 31155 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Firkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University\u2013Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00425.x","article-title":"The global burden of periodontal disease: Towards integration with chronic disease prevention and control","volume":"60","author":"Petersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00148.x","article-title":"Role of bacteria in health and disease of periodontal tissues","volume":"40","author":"Feng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2016.1021","article-title":"Vitamin D and chronic diseases","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1678S","article-title":"Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"80","author":"Holick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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