{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:03:42Z","timestamp":1792623822016,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG1H0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG1H0011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPD1H0151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD1H0151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Subjective visual function is currently becoming an increasing appreciation in assessing the health-related quality of life. This study aimed to assess the vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) among patients with refractive errors, keratoconus, senile cataract, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using the Chinese version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI-VFQ-25). Materials and Methods: The questionnaire of NEI-VFQ-25 was filled out in a clinical setting or by telephone\/mail. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine which factors are associated with the NEI-VFQ-25. Results: From June 2018 to January 2019, 28 patients with refractive error, 20 patients with keratoconus, 61 with senile cataracts, and 17 with AMD completed the questionnaire NEI-VFQ-25. There were significant differences in the NEI-VFQ-25 subscale of general vision (p = 0.0017), ocular pain (p = 0.0156), near activities (p = 0.0002), vision-specific social functioning (p = 0.007), vision-specific mental health (p = 0.0083), vision-specific dependency (p = 0.0049), color vision (p &lt; 0.0001), peripheral vision (p = 0.0065), and total score (p &lt; 0.0001) among four disease groups, respectively. The multiple linear regression revealed that the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and disease group were important factors of the total NEI-VFQ-25. After adjusting for BCVA, patients with AMD had a worse total NEI-VFQ-25 score than patients with refractive error, keratoconus, or senile cataracts. Conclusions: Among the patients with four ocular disorders and a broad vision spectrum from normal, partial sight, low vision to legal blindness, the BCVA of their better eye was the most important factor in the VRQOL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58050602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T22:20:20Z","timestamp":1651098020000},"page":"602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Chinese Version of the Vision-Related Quality of Life (NEI-VFQ-25) among Patients with Various Ocular Disorders: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Jiahn-Shing","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken-Kuo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiun-Ho","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Ru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1379-8969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lai-Chu","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biostatistics Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02246","article-title":"Why is there so much more research on vision than on any other sensory modality?","volume":"10","author":"Hutmacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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