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This study attempted to investigate the association between IDA and septic arthritis (SA), a musculoskeletal disease. Materials and Methods: We investigated all the eligible subjects in the Taiwanese longitudinal health insurance database (LHID) between 2000 and 2012. Subjects with the diagnosis of IDA (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM): 280) were allocated to the IDA cohort. The control subjects were randomly matched to every subject with IDA coding by age and sex at the 1:4 ratio. All of the recruited subjects were followed since the index date to the onset of SA (ICD-9-CM: 711.0), withdrawal from the insurance (including death), or 31 December 2013. Results: The cumulative incidence of SA was assessed. We showed that the cumulative incidence of SA was higher in the IDA cohort than in the control cohort (p-value &lt; 0.0001). After adjustment of the comorbidities, the IDA patients had a 2.53-fold risk of SA compared to control subjects (aHR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.89\u20133.38). Conclusions: IDA was associated with an increased risk of SA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58050617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T22:20:06Z","timestamp":1651184406000},"page":"617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Association between Iron-Deficiency Anemia (IDA) and Septic Arthritis (SA): The Real-World Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8365-1145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Hung","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Chieh","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsiu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0248-2392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Chih","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Chun","family":"Hsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2992-4608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Jui","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hung","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401038","article-title":"Iron-deficiency anemia","volume":"372","author":"Camaschella","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. 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Haematol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7042324","article-title":"Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: A hypothesis","volume":"7","author":"Toxqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, T., Mohammad, M., Pullerits, R., and Ali, A. (2021). Bacteria and Host Interplay in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis and Sepsis. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020158"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.08.001","article-title":"Infection and musculoskeletal conditions: Infectious arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Tarkowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pr. Res. Clin. 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