{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T06:23:46Z","timestamp":1782887026272,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: This study\u2019s purpose was to examine the benefit of using a tibial extension in the primary operation of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This is important because it is not a common practice to use the extension in a primary TKA, a standard configuration offering sufficient stability and good long-term survivorship. The following question arises: which situation requires the use of a standard configuration implant (without a stem) and which situation requires using the extension? Materials and Methods: The opportunity to use the tibial extension in the primary TKA was analyzed in correlation to the tibial bone structural properties. Using finite elements (FEs), the virtual model of the tibial bone was connected to that of the prosthetic implant, with and without a stem, and its behavior was analyzed during static and dynamic stresses, both in the situation in which the bone had normal physical properties, as well as in the case in which the bone had diminished physical properties. Results: The maximum stress and displacement values in the static compression regime show that adding a stem is only beneficial to structurally altered bone. Compression fatigue was reduced to almost half in the case of altered bone when adding a stem. Dynamic compression showed slightly better results with the tibial stem in both healthy and degraded bone. Conclusions: It was concluded that, if the bone is healthy and has good structural properties, it is not necessary to use the tibial extension in the primary operation; and if the bone has diminished physical properties, it is necessary to use the tibial extension at the primary operation, enhancing the stability, fixation, and implant lifespan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58050634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T07:08:58Z","timestamp":1651475338000},"page":"634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Tibial Stem Extension versus Standard Configuration in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Assessment According to Bone Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7430-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru Cristian","family":"Filip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, \u2018Dr. Carol Davila\u2019 Central University Emergency Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department 8\u2014Radiology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4020-3115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan Alexandru","family":"Cuculici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ilfov County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 022104 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma, \u2018Sf. Pantelimon\u2019 Emergency Clinical Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department 14\u2014Orthopedics, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Cristea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma, \u2018Sf. Pantelimon\u2019 Emergency Clinical Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department 14\u2014Orthopedics, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7747-7446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Department, Doctoral School, \u2018Valahia\u2019 University, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3516-2934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis Daniel","family":"Negrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Department, Materials and Mechanical Faculty, \u2018Valahia\u2019 University, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0214-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Mihai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Department, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, \u2018Valahia\u2019 University, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosmin Marian","family":"Pantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 2\u2014Morphological Sciences\u2014Anatomy, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2003.12.004","article-title":"Understanding tibio-femoral motion","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Using 3D scanning techniques in orthopedic systems modeling","volume":"15","author":"Cuculici","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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