{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:10:33Z","timestamp":1763748633136,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exercise-induced mitral regurgitation (MR) can be diagnosed during stress echocardiography testing. Remote dielectric sensing (ReDSTM) is a noninvasive electromagnetic-based modality to measure lung fluid levels. The change in lung fluid levels in patients with MR during stress echocardiography remains unknown. Patients with symptomatic MR at baseline and suspected worsening exercise-induced MR underwent stress echocardiography. ReDS values were measured before and after the tests. A total of four patients (ages ranging between 74 and 84 years old, three women) underwent stress echocardiography testing using a bicycle ergometer. In patient A, MR effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) remained unchanged and ReDS values decreased. EROA increased significantly with a small incremental change in ReDS values in patient B and patient C, who underwent valve repair with MitraClip later. Patient D had a mild increase in MR EROA but a considerable increase in ReDS values (from 22% to 32%), and eventually received valve repair with MitraClip. The ReDS system may be a complementary tool to conventional stress echocardiography in the evaluation of clinically significant MR and considering mitral valve intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58060724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T23:43:03Z","timestamp":1653867783000},"page":"724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Change in Lung Fluid Volume during Exercise in Patients with Exercise-Induced Mitral Regurgitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-7637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teruhiko","family":"Imamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7551-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhei","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Narang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL 60453, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Kinugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000037","article-title":"Dynamic mitral regurgitation: Review of evidence base, assessment and implications for clinical management","volume":"23","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.04.002","article-title":"Determinants of exercise-induced changes in mitral regurgitation in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"42","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000087599.49332.05","article-title":"Prognostic importance of exercise-induced changes in mitral regurgitation in patients with chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"108","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00408-I","article-title":"Exercise-induced mitral regurgitation is a predictor of morbid events in subjects with mitral valve prolapse","volume":"25","author":"Stoddard","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/chf.12021","article-title":"A novel approach to monitoring pulmonary congestion in heart failure: Initial animal and clinical experiences using remote dielectric sensing technology","volume":"19","author":"Amir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Congest. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009175","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009175","article-title":"Relationship Between Noninvasive Assessment of Lung Fluid Volume and Invasively Measured Cardiac Hemodynamics","volume":"7","author":"Uriel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imamura, T., Gonoi, W., Hori, M., Ueno, Y., Narang, N., Onoda, H., Tanaka, S., Nakamura, M., Kataoka, N., and Ushijima, R. (2021). Validation of Noninvasive Remote Dielectric Sensing System to Quantify Lung Fluid Levels. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010164"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.08.025","article-title":"Mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction: A review","volume":"119","author":"Bursi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.938241","article-title":"Exercise pulmonary hypertension in asymptomatic degenerative mitral regurgitation","volume":"122","author":"Magne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa200","article-title":"Prognostic impact of transcatheter mitral valve repair in patients with exercise-induced secondary mitral regurgitation","volume":"22","author":"Izumo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. 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