{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:02:29Z","timestamp":1787842949444,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Early undifferentiated arthritis (UA) is a group of inflammatory joint diseases that are not classified under any specific rheumatic or connective tissue disorder and might evolve into chronic inflammatory arthritis or may be a self-limiting condition. Early recognition and treatment are crucial for the future course of the disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic regulator that induces the growth of new capillary blood vessels, which are important in joint invasion and destruction during the progression of chronic inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study was to assess VEGF levels associated with sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound findings in the early UA patient cohort as well as to evaluate VEGF as a potential prognostic marker for arthritis outcomes. Materials and Methods: Seventy-six patients with inflammatory arthritis in at least one joint, with a duration of arthritis &lt;12 months at the study entry that did not meet any rheumatic disease classification criteria, were enrolled after informed consent was obtained. Patient\u2019s sociodemographic, laboratory data, and clinical disease characteristics were recorded, VEGF levels were measured, and ultrasound (US) of tender and swollen joints was performed. Results: VEGF levels had positive correlation with conventional rheumatic disease activity and diagnostic markers: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C\u2013reactive protein (CRP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) (p &lt; 0.05). RF-positive patients had higher VEGF values (p = 0.024). A statistically higher number of patients whose VEGF levels were below the median value presented with active infection (p = 0.046). In patients with a higher number of swollen joints, and a higher score of synovitis and power doppler (PD) seen on US, VEGF levels were statistically significantly higher. Patients who after 12-month follow-up developed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had statistically higher VEGF levels at baseline compared with those who developed spondyloarthropathies (p = 0.028). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that VEGF levels significantly represented inflammatory processes that were present in the joints (number of swollen joints, synovitis, and PD changes) of the early UA cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58060833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T04:39:55Z","timestamp":1655786395000},"page":"833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["VEGF Profile in Early Undifferentiated Arthritis Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Regina","family":"Sakalyte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. \u010ciurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 g. 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1221-3487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loreta","family":"Bagdonaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. \u010ciurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1767-2589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigita","family":"Stropuviene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. \u010ciurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 g. 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarune","family":"Naktinyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. \u010ciurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Algirdas","family":"Venalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. \u010ciurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 g. 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.038471","article-title":"Comparison of long term outcome of patients with rheumatoid arthritis presenting with undifferentiated arthritis or with rheumatoid arthritis: An observational cohort study","volume":"65","author":"Allaart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200205","article-title":"Undifferentiated arthritis characteristics and outcomes when applying the 2010 and 1987 criteria for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"71","author":"Krabben","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. 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