{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:48:04Z","timestamp":1773283684205,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis (EAF) is an indolent but sometimes locally destructive lesion with a predilection for the sinonasal tract. Although it was first described in 1983, its etiology remains unknown. Some authors initially attributed EAF to trauma, hypersensitivity, and\/or surgical manipulation, while it has been recently suggested to include EAF within the spectrum of IgG4-related systemic diseases. Materials and Methods: We report an uncommon case of idiopathic EAF in a 76-year-old male who developed two bilateral tumefactive masses in the nasal cavities. Results: As the histological examination showed a subepithelial proliferation of fibroblasts along with sclero-hyaline fibrosis around small-sized vessels (an \u201conion skin-like\u201d pattern) and an eosinophils-rich inflammatory infiltrate, a diagnosis of EAF was rendered. The differential diagnosis included granuloma faciale, Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis, and Churg\u2013Strauss syndrome. Conclusions: Pathologists should be aware of the possibility that this lesion can be part of the wide spectrum of IgG4-related systemic diseases by performing IgG4 investigations to assess adherence to IgG4-related systemic disease criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58070865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T01:48:38Z","timestamp":1656467318000},"page":"865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis of the Nasal Cavities: A Report of an Uncommon Lesion with Emphasis on the Etiology and Differential Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5101-7836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Farina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2576-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Broggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Federico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Casa di Cura Gibiino, 95128 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"Zanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Palicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Caltabiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2017-0223-RS","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis: A Review and Update of Its Association With Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease","volume":"142","author":"Ahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1985.tb02801.x","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis of the Upper Respiratory Tract: A Mucosal Variant of Granuloma Faciale? A Report of Three Cases","volume":"9","author":"Roberts","year":"1985","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-020-01272-7","article-title":"Algorithmic Approach to Fibroinflammatory Sinonasal Tract Lesions","volume":"15","author":"Thompson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"411","article-title":"A Clinical Case of Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor as the Primary Expression of Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis","volume":"65","author":"Heedari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rom. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"250","article-title":"Ocular Involvement in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Associated with Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis: A Case Report","volume":"81","author":"Capote","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Oftalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"bcr-2017","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis: A Sino-Orbital Masquerader","volume":"2018","author":"Legare","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-019-00799-8","article-title":"IgG4-Related Orbitopathy as an Important Differential Diagnosis of Advanced Silent Sinus Syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Jurkov","year":"2020","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e924042-1","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.924042","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis in Bilateral Upper Eyelid Conjunctivas: A First Case Report","volume":"21","author":"Okuyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489417696510","article-title":"A Case Report and Systematic Review of Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis of the Paranasal Sinuses","volume":"126","author":"Rowan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320964266","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis Invading the Nasal Septum: A Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"100","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"6668184","article-title":"Challenges in Medicine: The Odyssey of a Patient with Isolated IgG4-Related Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis Presenting as a Locally Destructive Sinonasal Mass","volume":"2021","author":"Nutalapati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"2381786","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis as a Stenosing Lesion in the Subglottis","volume":"2017","author":"Keogh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12416","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis Presenting as Asymptomatic Cutaneous Nodules","volume":"40","author":"Rashidghamat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318213889e","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis Is a Form of IgG4-Related Systemic Disease","volume":"35","author":"Deshpande","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chew, E.J.C., Lee, M.-H.H., Chung, H.W., and Tang, P.Y. (2022). Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis and IgG4-Related Disease Revisited. Histopathology.","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14646"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06439.x","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis\u2014A Rare Mucosal Variant of Granuloma Faciale Which May Present to the Dermatologist","volume":"152","author":"Yung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2007.02840.x","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis and Extrafacial Granuloma Faciale","volume":"51","author":"Nigar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06864.x","article-title":"Concurrent Granuloma Faciale and Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis","volume":"153","author":"Holme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annpat.2011.02.014","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis and Granuloma Facial with Extra Facial Presentation, the Same Pathology?","volume":"31","author":"Depaepe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215011907037","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis Affecting the Nasal Cavity. A Mucosal Variant of the Skin Lesion Granuloma Faciale","volume":"115","author":"Burns","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.8.640","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis and Wegener\u2019s Granulomatosis: A Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"54","author":"Loane","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annpat.2012.06.008","article-title":"Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis: A Form of IgG4-Related Systemic Disease?","volume":"32","author":"Benlemlih","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.72","article-title":"Consensus Statement on the Pathology of IgG4-Related Disease","volume":"25","author":"Deshpande","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2017.02.012","article-title":"Right Ethmoid Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis with Orbital Extension","volume":"134","author":"Gorostis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/58\/7\/865\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:39:56Z","timestamp":1760139596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/58\/7\/865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina58070865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58070865","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]}}}