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rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a benign and chronic disorder well known in young adults that is characterized by a series of symptoms such as rectal bleeding, copious mucus discharge, prolonged excessive straining, perineal and abdominal pain, a feeling of incomplete defecation, constipation and, rarely, rectal prolapse. The etiology of this syndrome remains obscure, and the diagnosis is easily confused with that of other diseases, contributing to difficulties in treatment. We present a case of a 37-year-old male with a nonulcerated rectal lesion grossly resembling a superficial depressed rectal cancer misdiagnosed in another hospital and describe its appearance on endoscopy and in the analysis of its pathological manifestations. The aim of this case report is to report an easily misdiagnosed case of SRUS, which needs to be distinguished from superficial rectal cancer, which should be educational for endoscopists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58081136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T05:18:17Z","timestamp":1661145497000},"page":"1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome Is Not Always Ulcerated: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4552-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lizhou","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2008.06.001","article-title":"Rectal Prolapse, Rectal Intussusception, Rectocele, Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome, and Enterocele","volume":"37","author":"Tiersma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. 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Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-005-0105-x","article-title":"Anorectal physiology in solitary ulcer syndrome: A case-matched series","volume":"48","author":"Morio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-002-0623-z","article-title":"Colorectal de novo carcinoma: A review of its diagnosis, histopathology, molecular biology, and clinical relevance","volume":"440","author":"Mueller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virchows Arch. Int. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9460-2","article-title":"Detection and treatment of early flat and depressed colorectal cancer using high-magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy: A change in paradigm for Western endoscopists?","volume":"52","author":"Hurlstone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. 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