{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:56:29Z","timestamp":1789721789867,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TSGCTs) are benign soft tissue tumors that are divided into localized- and diffuse-type tumors, according to the World Health Organization classification of soft tissue tumours. The diffuse-type TSGCT sometimes behave aggressively and poses treatment challenges especially in patients with neurovascular involvement. Symptomatic patients who are not good candidates for surgery due to high morbidity risk may benefit from medical therapy. Objectives: Drugs that target programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are among a new generation of medical therapy options, which, recently, have been explored and have displayed promising results in various cancer types; therefore, we aimed to investigate the PD-L1 status of TSGCTs as a possible therapeutic target. Materials and Methods: We assessed the PD-L1 status of 20 patients (15 men and 5 women, median age = 39 years) that had been diagnosed with TSGCTs in a single institution, between 2018 and 2020. The patients had localized- (n = 7) and diffuse-type (n = 13) TSGCTs. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks were retrospectively retrieved from the pathology department. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed in sections of 3 micron thickness from these blocks. Results: Seventy-five percent of our patients with TSGCTs were immunopositive to PD-L1 staining. Conclusions: Taking into consideration the high positivity rate of PD-L1 staining in TSGCTs, PD-L1 blockage may be used as a valuable medical treatment for TSGCTs; however, further studies are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58091270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T22:37:28Z","timestamp":1663108648000},"page":"1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["PD-L1 Status in Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Tulay","family":"Zenginkinet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, 34730 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullahi Umar","family":"Faruq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, General Amadi Rimi Specialist Hospital, Katsina 820101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1708-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayse Nur","family":"Toksoz Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, 34730 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Iyetin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Pendik Bolge Hospital, 34890 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burak","family":"Ozturan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, 34730 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2443-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erhan","family":"Okay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, 34730 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5910-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aykut","family":"Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, 34730 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Korhan","family":"Ozkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, 34730 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4907-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhlik","family":"Akyurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Maria Josef Hospital, 48268 Greven, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0165-CR","article-title":"Tenosynovial giant cell tumor: Case report and review","volume":"136","author":"Lucas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. 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