{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:43:33Z","timestamp":1760244213086,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea government (MSIT)","award":["2022R1A2C109170011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C109170011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is not confined to early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has a potential role in stage IV disease. We aimed to evaluate the effect of SABR on local control rates and survival outcomes in patients with all stages of NSCLC according to the treatment aim. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 88 patients with NSCLC who received SABR at the Korea University Guro Hospital between January 2015 and March 2021. Among these, 64 patients with stage I\u2013II NSCLC ineligible for surgery were treated with a definitive aim. Twenty-four patients with stage IV limited metastatic NSCLC showing a favorable response to prior systemic therapy were treated with a consolidative aim. Results: The median follow-up time was 34 (range: 5\u201388) months. Thirty-one patients developed recurrence (35.2%), with distant metastasis being the most common (25\/31, 80.6%). In-field local recurrence occurred in four patients (4\/88 patients, 4.5%). For patients treated with definitive SABR, the 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 91.8% and 58.6%, respectively. In patients treated with consolidative SABR, the 3-year OS and DFS rates were 86.7% and 53.8%, respectively. With respect to treatment-related pulmonary toxicity, grade 3 radiation pneumonitis incidence requiring hospitalization was 2.3% (2\/88). Conclusions: Definitive SABR is appropriate for medically inoperable or high surgical risk patients with early stage NSCLC with acceptable treatment-related toxicities. Consolidative SABR improves local control rates and helps achieve long-term survival in patients with limited metastatic NSCLC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58091304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T02:06:50Z","timestamp":1663553210000},"page":"1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Outcomes of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for All Stages of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Definitive versus Consolidative"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4175-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun Myung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4193-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Sik","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Bum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.0928","article-title":"Outcomes after stereotactic lung radiotherapy or wedge resection for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"28","author":"Grills","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1399-5","article-title":"Comparison of the outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy versus surgical treatment for elderly (\u226570) patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer after propensity score matching","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000600","article-title":"Outcomes after Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy versus Limited Resection in Older Patients with Early-Stage Lung Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Ezer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24759","article-title":"Stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer in patients aged > or =75 years: Outcomes after stereotactic radiotherapy","volume":"116","author":"Haasbeek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70168-3","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus lobectomy for operable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: A pooled analysis of two randomised trials","volume":"16","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.10.079","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy for treatment of adrenal metastases","volume":"75","author":"Chawla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b8b6f5","article-title":"Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for metastatic spine disease: What are the options, indications, and outcomes?","volume":"34","author":"Gerszten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa. 1976)"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-011-2192-z","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for treatment of adrenal gland metastases from non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"187","author":"Holy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strahlenther. Onkol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860600897934","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors: A single institution phase i-ii study","volume":"45","author":"Wunderink","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23209","article-title":"A prospective pilot study of curative-intent stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with 5 or fewer oligometastatic lesions","volume":"112","author":"Milano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32487-5","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus standard of care palliative treatment in patients with oligometastatic cancers (SABR-COMET): A randomised, phase 2, open-label trial","volume":"393","author":"Palma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.19.6386","article-title":"Multi-institutional phase I\/II trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung metastases","volume":"27","author":"Rusthoven","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2019.101892","article-title":"Evolution of treatment strategies for oligometastatic NSCLC patients\u2014A systematic review of the literature","volume":"80","author":"Schanne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181de7143","article-title":"Stereotactic radiotherapy for pulmonary oligometastases: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Siva","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30532-0","article-title":"Local consolidative therapy versus maintenance therapy or observation for patients with oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer without progression after first-line systemic therapy: A multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 study","volume":"17","author":"Gomez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00201","article-title":"Local Consolidative Therapy Vs. Maintenance Therapy or Observation for Patients With Oligometastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Multi-Institutional, Phase II, Randomized Study","volume":"37","author":"Gomez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e173501","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3501","article-title":"Consolidative Radiotherapy for Limited Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"4","author":"Iyengar","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.96","article-title":"The oligometastatic state-separating truth from wishful thinking","volume":"11","author":"Palma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e166S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2395","article-title":"Physiologic evaluation of the patient with lung cancer being considered for resectional surgery: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Brunelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00818","article-title":"Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for the Comprehensive Treatment of Oligometastatic Cancers: Long-Term Results of the SABR-COMET Phase II Randomized Trial","volume":"38","author":"Palma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/58\/9\/1304\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:33:59Z","timestamp":1760142839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/58\/9\/1304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina58091304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58091304","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]}}}