{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:20:23Z","timestamp":1793229623644,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry (IPET)","award":["120050-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120050-2"]}]},{"name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry (IPET)","award":["2020R1F1A1069551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1069551"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["120050-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120050-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1F1A1069551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1069551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["120050-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120050-2"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["2020R1F1A1069551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1069551"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) of Korea","award":["120050-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120050-2"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) of Korea","award":["2020R1F1A1069551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1069551"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) is an air pollutant that is associated with asthma. In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of Weissella cibaria strains CMU (Chonnam Medical University) and CMS (Chonnam Medical School) 1, together with the drug Synatura, an anti-tussive expectorant, was investigated in a murine asthma model exacerbated by DEPM. Materials and Methods: BALB\/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) before intranasal challenge with OVA and DEPM. W. cibaria CMU, CMS1, and Synatura were administered orally for 21 days. Results: Neither Synatura nor W. cibaria strains affected spleen, liver, or lung weights. W. cibaria strains CMU and CMS1 significantly reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-4, OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and total lung collagen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), similar to those with Synatura, regardless of the oral dose concentration (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, the W. cibaria CMU strain significantly alleviated IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-12, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in BALF, whereas the CMS1 strain significantly alleviated IL-10 and IL-12 in BALF (p &lt; 0.05); however, Synatura did not show any statistical efficacy against them (p &gt; 0.05). All concentrations of W. cibaria CMU and low concentrations of W. cibaria CMS1 significantly reduced lung bronchiolar changes and inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusions: In conclusion, W. cibaria CMU in asthmatic mice showed better efficacy than W. cibaria CMS1 in improving asthma exacerbated by DEPM exposure, as well as better results than pharmaceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58091310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T04:28:55Z","timestamp":1663648135000},"page":"1310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Therapeutic Efficacy of Weissella cibaria CMU and CMS1 on Allergic Inflammation Exacerbated by Diesel Exhaust Particulate Matter in a Murine Asthma Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Kyung-Hyo","family":"Do","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwangwon","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanggu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soochong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9492-6768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geun-Yeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, OraPharm, Inc., Seoul 04782, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8078-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi-Sun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, OraPharm, Inc., Seoul 04782, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, S.W., Lee, G.H., Jang, M.J., Hong, G.E., Kim, J.Y., Park, G.D., Jin, H., Kim, H.S., Choi, C.Y., and Choi, J.H. (2020). Lactic acid bacteria ameliorate diesel exhaust particulate matter-exacerbated allergic inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Life, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/life10110260"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.4636","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Effects of Streptococcus thermophilus LM1012 in Mice Exposed to Air Pollutants","volume":"23","author":"Jeon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13052","article-title":"Mouse models of severe asthma: Understanding the mechanisms of steroid resistance, tissue remodelling and disease exacerbation","volume":"22","author":"Maltby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1736-5","article-title":"Diesel exhaust: Current knowledge of adverse effects and underlying cellular mechanisms","volume":"90","author":"Steiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.188","article-title":"Diesel exhausts particles: Their role in increasing the incidence of asthma. Reviewing the evidence of a causal link","volume":"652","author":"Barreiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60617-6","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and asthma","volume":"383","author":"Guarnieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.01.025","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids safety and adverse effects in patients with asthma","volume":"6","author":"Heffler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez-Santamarina, A., Gonzalez, E.G., Lamas, A., Mondragon, A.D.C., Regal, P., and Miranda, J.M. (2021). Probiotics as a possible strategy for the prevention and treatment of allergies. A narrative review. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10040701"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeu, J.E., Lee, H.G., Park, G.Y., Lee, J., and Kang, M.S. (2021). Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Weissella cibaria against pathogens of upper respiratory tract infections. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061181"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03337-3","article-title":"Study effect of probiotics and prebiotics on treatment of OVA-LPS-induced of allergic asthma inflammation and pneumonia by regulating the TLR4\/NF-kB signaling pathway","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14913","article-title":"Oral administration of Hsp65-producing Lactococcus lactis attenuates allergic asthma in a murine model","volume":"130","author":"Rios","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1139\/W10-024","article-title":"Oral administration of Lactobacillus salivarius inhibits the allergic airway response in mice","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2014.0141","article-title":"Amelioration of ovalbumin induced allergic symptoms in Balb\/c mice by potentially probiotic strains of lactobacilli","volume":"6","author":"Nawaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2019.03.002","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG immunopathologic changes in chronic mouse asthma model","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"113","article-title":"Probiotic lactic acid bacteria and their potential in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases","volume":"39","author":"Adamczuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oral administration of Lactobacillus paracasei L9 attenuates pm2.5-induced enhancement of airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic airway response in murine model of asthma","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, J.L., Miranda, M., Fialho, A.K., Castro-Faria-Neto, H., Anatriello, E., Keller, A.C., and Aimbire, F. (2020). Oral feeding with probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates cigarette smoke-induced COPD in C57Bl\/6 mice: Relevance to inflammatory markers in human bronchial epithelial cells. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1101\/843433"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, M.S., Yeu, J.E., and Hong, S.P. (2019). Safety evaluation of oral care probiotics Weissella cibaria CMU and CMS1 by phenotypic and genotypic analysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112693"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"4143","article-title":"Weissella cibaria CMU exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced NF-\u03baB activation in macrophages","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03325.x","article-title":"Haemopoietic processes in allergic disease: Eosinophil\/basophil development","volume":"39","author":"Gauvreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.12729\/jbr.2013.14.4.206","article-title":"Characteristics and immuno-modulatory effects of Weissella cibaria JW15 isolated from Kimchi, Korea traditional fermented food, for probiotic use","volume":"14","author":"Ahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.09.003","article-title":"Immune enhancing effects of Weissella cibaria JW15 on BALB\/c mice immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide","volume":"49","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.02039","article-title":"Weissella cibaria attenuated LPS-induced dysfunction of intestinal epithelial barrier in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2006.00893.x","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of Weissella cibaria isolates on the production of volatile sulphur compounds","volume":"33","author":"Kang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.4603","article-title":"Reduction of halitosis by a tablet containing Weissella cibaria CMU: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s43188-021-00119-9","article-title":"Toxicological and safety evaluations of Weissella cibaria strain CMU in animal toxicity and genotoxicity","volume":"38","author":"Dolan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4167\/jbv.2011.41.1.9","article-title":"Effect of Weissella cibaria on Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production in KB cells","volume":"41","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol. Virol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/rr40","article-title":"Th2 cytokines and asthma. Interleukin-4: Its role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and targeting it for asthma treatment with interleukin-4 receptor antagonists","volume":"2","author":"Steinke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000239","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000239","article-title":"Chlamydia pneumoniae-induced tumour necrosis factor alpha responses are lower in children with asthma compared with non-asthma","volume":"5","author":"Chotikanatis","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.10.832","article-title":"Hypothesis: Does COPD have an autoimmune component?","volume":"58","author":"Agusti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2020.03.61","article-title":"The clinical efficacy of AG NPP709 (Synatura\u00ae) in patients with chronic bronchitis type stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S345759","article-title":"Difference of serum cytokine profile in allergic asthma patients according to disease severity","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.1.403","article-title":"Mouse monocyte-derived chemokine is involved in airway hyperreactivity and lung inflammation","volume":"163","author":"Gonzalo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/58\/9\/1310\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:34:21Z","timestamp":1760142861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/58\/9\/1310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina58091310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58091310","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]}}}