{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T08:13:05Z","timestamp":1768810385689,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orthodontic treatment could lead to undesirable effects such as external apical root resorption (EARR). Moreover, trauma to both the face and teeth can predispose to EARR. On the other hand, the practice of combat sports results in increased maxillofacial injuries. Consequently, our objective was to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in the EARR of the patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment who practice combat sports and controls. Our null hypothesis was that there is no difference in the EARR between patients undergoing orthodontic treatment who practice combat sports and the patients under the same treatment that do not practice combat sports. An observational, descriptive, and prospective case-control pilot study was designed. The exposed group consisted of patients that practice combat sports. Whereas the control group was conformed of patients that do not practice combat sports without a previous history of facial trauma and without face trauma during the orthodontic treatment. EARR of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth was measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The CBCT scans were obtained from all patients prior to the beginning of the orthodontic treatment and 1 year later. At the end of the follow-up for the maxillary right central and lateral incisors of the exposed group, the EARR was significantly higher than the homologous teeth of the control group (p &lt; 0.05). As a consequence, the patients treated orthodontically who practice combat sports could be more susceptible to EARR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58101342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T01:41:58Z","timestamp":1664156518000},"page":"1342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["External Apical Root Resorption in Orthodontic Patients Who Practice Combat Sports: A Case-Control Observational Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Alfonso Enrique","family":"Acevedo-Mascar\u00faa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Posgrado, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad S\/N, Ex-Hacienda 5 Se\u00f1ores, Oaxaca de Ju\u00e1rez 68120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5934-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Torres-Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda, Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad S\/N, Ex-Hacienda 5 Se\u00f1ores, Oaxaca de Ju\u00e1rez 68120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yobana","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cervera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda, Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad S\/N, Ex-Hacienda 5 Se\u00f1ores, Oaxaca de Ju\u00e1rez 68120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Posgrado, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad S\/N, Ex-Hacienda 5 Se\u00f1ores, Oaxaca de Ju\u00e1rez 68120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lizbeth Zulema","family":"Ku-Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Posgrado, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad S\/N, Ex-Hacienda 5 Se\u00f1ores, Oaxaca de Ju\u00e1rez 68120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Lilia","family":"Gij\u00f3n-Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Posgrado, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad S\/N, Ex-Hacienda 5 Se\u00f1ores, Oaxaca de Ju\u00e1rez 68120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Argueta-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad S\/N, Ex-Hacienda 5 Se\u00f1ores, Oaxaca de Ju\u00e1rez 68120, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.12968\/denn.2010.6.6.48172","article-title":"Risks and complications in orthodontic treatment","volume":"6","author":"Westley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.10.017","article-title":"External apical root resorption and vectors of orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"158","author":"Linkous","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. 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