{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:34:57Z","timestamp":1768012497644,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Elderly patients affected by acute heart failure (AHF) often show different patterns of comorbidities. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate how chronic comorbidities cluster and which pattern of comorbidities is more strongly related to in-hospital death in AHF. Materials and Methods: All patients admitted for AHF to an Internal Medicine Department (01\/2015\u201301\/2019) were retrospectively evaluated; the main outcome of this study was in-hospital death during an admission for AHF; age, sex, the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and 17 different chronic pathologies were investigated; the association between the comorbidities was studied with Pearson\u2019s bivariate test, considering a level of p \u2264 0.10 significant, and considering p &lt; 0.05 strongly significant. Thus, we identified the clusters of comorbidities associated with the main outcome and tested the CCI and each cluster against in-hospital death with logistic regression analysis, assessing the accuracy of the prediction with ROC curve analysis. Results: A total of 459 consecutive patients (age: 83.9 \u00b1 8.02 years; males: 56.6%). A total of 55 (12%) subjects reached the main outcome; the CCI and 16 clusters of comorbidities emerged as being associated with in-hospital death from AHF. Of these, CCI and six clusters showed an accurate prediction of in-hospital death. Conclusions: Both the CCI and specific clusters of comorbidities are associated with in-hospital death from AHF among elderly patients. Specific phenotypes show a greater association with a worse short-term prognosis than a more generic scale, such as the CCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58101394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T04:00:02Z","timestamp":1665288002000},"page":"1394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clusters of Comorbidities in the Short-Term Prognosis of Acute Heart Failure among Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Falsetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Internal and Sub-Intensive Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cOspedali Riuniti\u201d, 60100 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Viticchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cOspedali Riuniti\u201d, 60100 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Zaccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Internal and Sub-Intensive Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cOspedali Riuniti\u201d, 60100 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Guerrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, 60100 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Diblasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, 60100 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2608-3479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, 60100 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Giovenali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, 60100 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda Elena","family":"Gialluca Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, 60100 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca e Cura Anziani, INRCA-IRCCS, 60027 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Mariottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca e Cura Anziani, INRCA-IRCCS, 60027 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Fioranelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca e Cura Anziani, INRCA-IRCCS, 60027 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Moroncini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria \u201cOspedali Riuniti\u201d, 60100 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Pansoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Department, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca e Cura Anziani, INRCA-IRCCS, 60027 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Burattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca e Cura Anziani, INRCA-IRCCS, 60027 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Tarquinio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca e Cura Anziani, INRCA-IRCCS, 60027 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.25","article-title":"Epidemiology and aetiology of heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Ziaeian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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