{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:12:24Z","timestamp":1763748744544,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral Scholarships for Competitive PhD Students in the European Research Area","award":["POSDRU\/88\/1.5\/63117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POSDRU\/88\/1.5\/63117"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sulfonamides are among the most used drugs in beekeeping due to their effectiveness, despite their long-term persistence in tissues. Bee honey containing such residues poses numerous risks to human health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects on immunological and hematological parameters of Wistar rats produced by sulfonamide residues in bee honey, through the evaluation of various blood parameters such as triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell count and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in a given volume of erythrocytes following administration of sulfonamide-containing honey. The hematological and immunological parameters showed significant variations in the group of rats that had been fed with honey spiked with sulfonamides compared to the control group. Changes in hematological indices were demonstrated in terms of a significant reduction in the number of erythrocytes, the amount of hemoglobin, and the value of hematocrit, thus confirming the induction of anemia in the tested group. Investigation of thyroid function through the analysis of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and their ratio showed a very significant decrease in plasma thyroxine levels in laboratory rats that were fed sulfonamide-spiked honey compared to the control group. The mean T3 concentration decreased from 0.70 \u00b1 0.14 ng\/dL to 0.34 \u00b1 0.03 ng\/dL, while the mean T4 concentration was reduced from 4.50 \u00b1 0.30 \u03bcg\/dL to 3.32 \u00b1 0.21 \u03bcg\/dL, thus demonstrating toxic effects on thyroid function. In sum, the presence of sulfonamides induced significant changes in the evaluated parameters indicating that the consumption of contaminated honey samples represents a high risk factor for thyroid dysfunction with potentially serious health impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58111558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T09:01:42Z","timestamp":1667120502000},"page":"1558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effects of Honey Sulfonamides on Immunological and Hematological Parameters in Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7083-8197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionela Daniela","family":"Morariu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16th University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Avasilcai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16th University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9173-4832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana","family":"Cioanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16th University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Branco-Adrian","family":"Morariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16th University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5379-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalina","family":"Vieriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16th University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5900-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corneliu","family":"Tanase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38th Gh. Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2017.08.004","article-title":"Honey: Single food stuff comprises many drugs","volume":"25","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.31925\/farmacia.2019.2.6","article-title":"Immunochemical Assay Of Chloramphenicol In Honey","volume":"67","author":"Morariu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Farmacia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmy037","article-title":"Rapid Screening for 15 Sulfonamide Residues in Foods of Animal Origin by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-UV Method","volume":"56","author":"Hui","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. 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