{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:11:38Z","timestamp":1789621898989,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-64-47014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-64-47014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0279-2021-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0279-2021-0015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Tasks","award":["20-64-47014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-64-47014"]}]},{"name":"State Tasks","award":["0279-2021-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0279-2021-0015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives:\u00a0Candida albicans causes various diseases ranging from superficial mycoses to life-threatening systemic infections often associated with biofilm formation, including mixed fungal\u2013bacterial consortia. The biofilm matrix protects cells, making Candida extremely resistant to treatment. Here, we show that the bovhyaluronidase azoximer (Longidaza\u00ae) in vitro destroys the biofilm formed by either C. albicans alone or mixed with bacteria, this way decreasing the concentrations of antimicrobials required for the pathogen\u2019s eradication. Materials and Methods: Bovhyaluronidase azoximer, Longidaza\u00ae was obtained from NPO Petrovax Pharm Ltd., Moscow, Russia as lyophilized powder. The antifungal activity was assessed by microdilution assay and CFUs counting. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated via biofilms staining and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Thus, treatment with Longidaza\u00ae reduced the biofilm biomass of nine C. albicans clinical isolates by 30\u201360%, while mixed biofilms of C. albicans with various bacteria were destroyed by 30\u201340%. Furthermore, the concentration of fluconazole required to achieve a similar reduction of the residual respiratory activity of detached cell clumps of four C. albicans isolates has been reduced four-fold when combined with Longidaza\u00ae. While in the biofilm, two of four isolates became significantly more susceptible to fluconazole in combination with Longidaza\u00ae. Conclusion: Taken together, our data indicate that Longidaza\u00ae is capable of suppression of tissues and artificial surfaces biofouling by C. albicans biofilms, as well as facilitating drug penetration into the cell clumps, this way decreasing the effective MIC of antifungals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58121710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T09:50:52Z","timestamp":1669197052000},"page":"1710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Bovhyaluronidase Azoximer (Longidaza\u00ae) Disrupts Candida albicans and Candida albicans-Bacterial Mixed Biofilms and Increases the Efficacy of Antifungals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Alina","family":"Gatina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9881-0559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Trizna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Kolesnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Baidamshina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2408-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gorshkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664000 Irkutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Drucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664000 Irkutsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0356-5651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Bogachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7195-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Airat","family":"Kayumov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104330","article-title":"Candida albicans Biofilms and Human Disease","volume":"69","author":"Nobile","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. 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