{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:43:28Z","timestamp":1785577408810,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Otitis media (OM) and its recurring (rAOM), effusive (OME), and chronic forms, represent a frequent clinical challenge. The middle ear, the mandible, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) share several embryological and anatomical connections. Despite that, the role of mandibular malposition and TMJ dysfunction is frequently overlooked in the management of otitis media. In this narrative review, we present current evidence supporting the etiopathogenetic role of a dysfunctional stomatognathic system in the onset of OM and the effectiveness of orthognathic treatment in preventing rAOM and OME. In particular, a focus on the influence of TMJ on Eustachian tube function is provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58121806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T01:44:31Z","timestamp":1670463871000},"page":"1806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Temporomandibular Joint and Otitis Media: A Narrative Review of Implications in Etiopathogenesis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Bernkopf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Clinic, Via Massaciuccoli 19, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cristalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Via della Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Carlo","family":"de Vincentiis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, Via della Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Bernkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Clinic, Via Massaciuccoli 19, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5294-0449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Capriotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio-Caravaggio Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale Luigi Meneguzzo 1, 20047 Treviglio, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7213.833","article-title":"Acute otitis media","volume":"319","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.1027133","article-title":"Chronic otitis media","volume":"127","author":"Wallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Postgrad. 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