{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:49:06Z","timestamp":1762080546203,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The impact of the duration of symptoms (DOS) on postoperative clinical outcomes of patients with degenerative lumbar spinal diseases is important for determining the optimal timing of surgical intervention; however, the timing remains controversial. This prospective case\u2013control study aimed to investigate the influence of the preoperative DOS on surgical outcomes in minimally invasive surgery-transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF). Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent single-level TLIF for lumbar degenerative diseases between 2017 and 2018 were reviewed. Only patients with full clinical data during the 1-year follow-up period were included. The patients were divided into two groups (DOS &lt; 12 months, group S; DOS \u2265 12 months, group L). The clinical outcomes, including the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for lower back pain, leg pain, and numbness, were investigated preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months, as well as 1 year, after surgery. Furthermore, postoperative patient satisfaction 1 year after surgery was also surveyed. Results: A total of 163 patients were assessed: 60 in group S and 103 in group L. No differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were found. The ODI and VAS significantly improved from the baseline to each follow-up period (all p &lt; 0.01). Group S had significantly lower ODI scores at 3 months (p = 0.019) and 6 months (p = 0.022). In addition, group S had significantly lower VAS scores for leg pain at 3 months (p = 0.027). In a comparison between both groups, only the patients with cauda equina symptoms showed that ODI and leg pain VAS scores at 3 months after surgery were significantly lower in group S (19.9 \u00b1 9.1 vs. 14.1 \u00b1 12.5; p = 0.037, 7.4 \u00b1 13.9 vs. 14.7 \u00b1 23.1; p = 0.032, respectively). However, the clinical outcomes were not significantly different between both groups 1 year after surgery. Patient satisfaction was also not significantly different between both groups. Conclusions: Patients with a shorter DOS tended to have a significantly slower recovery; however, clinical outcomes 1 year after surgery were good, regardless of the DOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T02:09:03Z","timestamp":1671761343000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of the Preoperative Duration of Symptoms on Patients\u2019 Clinical Outcomes after Minimally Invasive Surgery-Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Hiranaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anshin Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 654-0142, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anshin Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 654-0142, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Yurube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 654-0142, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Kuroshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anshin Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 654-0142, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anshin Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 654-0142, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anshin Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4006-037X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Kakutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 654-0142, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ko","family":"Tadokoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anshin Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200006010-00016","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis: Conservative or surgical management?: A prospective 10-year study","volume":"25","author":"Amundsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000184692.71897.a2","article-title":"The prognosis of conservative treatments for lumbar spinal stenosis: Analysis of patients over 70 years of age","volume":"30","author":"Tadokoro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0078-z","article-title":"The effect of duration of symptoms on standard outcome measures in the surgical treatment of spinal stenosis","volume":"16","author":"Ng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199206000-00010","article-title":"The natural course of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"279","author":"Johnsson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002818","article-title":"The Duration of Symptoms Does Not Impact Clinical Outcomes Following Lumbar Decompression Surgery","volume":"44","author":"Movassaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000076895.52418.5E","article-title":"Minimally invasive lumbar fusion","volume":"28","author":"Foley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a4e3be","article-title":"Clinical and radiological outcomes of minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"34","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.01.041","article-title":"Minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis: Comparative effectiveness and cost-utility analysis","volume":"82","author":"Parker","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1269904","article-title":"Post-operative infection after minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF): Literature review and cost analysis","volume":"54","author":"Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minim. Invasive Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/13645706.2016.1273837","article-title":"Three-year postoperative outcomes between MIS and conventional TLIF in1-segment lumbar disc herniation","volume":"26","author":"Lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minim. Invasive Allied Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182341edf","article-title":"Does the duration of symptoms in patients with spinal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis affect outcomes? Analysis of the Spine Outcomes Research Trial","volume":"36","author":"Radcliff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199807000-00015","article-title":"Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"80","author":"Spivak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000119398.22620.92","article-title":"Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis: A prospective long-term study comparing fusion and pseudarthrosis","volume":"29","author":"Kornblum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199712150-00017","article-title":"A prospective and consecutive study of surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis. Part II: Five-year follow-up by an independent observer","volume":"22","author":"Annertz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2000.92.2.0131","article-title":"Duration of leg pain as a predictor of outcome after surgery for lumbar disc herniation: A prospective cohort study with 1-year follow up","volume":"92","author":"Nygaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200207010-00019","article-title":"The evaluation of the surgical management of nerve root compression in patients with low back pain: Part 2: Patient expectations and satisfaction","volume":"27","author":"McGregor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.64.1.0064","article-title":"Vascular and neural pathology of lumbosacral spinal stenosis","volume":"64","author":"Watanabe","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679309160117","article-title":"Neurophysiology of cauda equina compression","volume":"251","author":"Rydevik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200001150-00009","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis. Clinical and outcome results and a 3-year survivorship analysis","volume":"25","author":"Simotas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199005000-00013","article-title":"Importance of compression onset rate for the degree of impairment of impulse propagation in experimental compression injury of the porcine cauda equina","volume":"15","author":"Olmarker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"43","article-title":"Surgery for herniated lumbar disc disease: Factors influencing outcome measures. An analysis of 403 cases","volume":"19","author":"Gaetani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Funct. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx298","article-title":"Prognostic Factors for Satisfaction After Decompression Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis","volume":"82","author":"Paulsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(97)00109-2","article-title":"The prognostic importance of patient pre-operative expectations of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"34","author":"Iversen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Patient Educ. Couns."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199911010-00010","article-title":"Predictors of surgical outcome in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Katz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00916","article-title":"Association between patient-reported measures of psychological distress and patient satisfaction scores after spine surgery","volume":"97","author":"Abtahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679309160127","article-title":"Long-term results of surgery in lumbar stenosis. 8-year review of 64 patients","volume":"251","author":"Postacchini","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199601010-00022","article-title":"Seven- to 10-year outcome of decompressive surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"21","author":"Katz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.77.5.0669","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of decompressive surgery for degenerative lumbar stenosis","volume":"77","author":"Caputy","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3753\/yotsu.15.11","article-title":"Japanese version of the Oswestry Disability Index","volume":"15","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Soc. Lumbar. Spine Disord."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/1\/22\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:48:18Z","timestamp":1760147298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/1\/22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59010022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59010022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]}}}