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Among the pharmacological alternatives, there are chemically synthesized drugs whose efficacy has been evaluated, but which have the potential to generate adverse events that may compromise adherence and response to treatment. Therapy selection and monitoring will depend on patient characteristics and the safety profile of each drug. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the most important synthetic drugs used in the treatment of SLE, including the current treatment options (mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide), review their mechanism of action, efficacy, safety, and, most importantly, provide monitoring parameters that should be considered while the patient is receiving the pharmacotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T08:38:19Z","timestamp":1672216699000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Synthetic Pharmacotherapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Safety"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8468-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9lica Mar\u00eda","family":"T\u00e9llez Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40\u201362, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Quaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9989-6980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Carlos","family":"Rojas-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogot\u00e1 111221, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-640X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian D.","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1285-456X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Baracaldo-Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogot\u00e1 111221, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9218-3021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Tellez Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00212-9","article-title":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Therapy: The Old and the New","volume":"7","author":"Basta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. 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