{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T11:49:30Z","timestamp":1788608970107,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Backgrounds and Objectives: To analyze the influence of multiple anti-VEGF intravitreal injections for exudative age-related macular degeneration on the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC + IPL) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study of consecutive patients treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) was performed. Average and sectorial values of RNFL and GC + IPL thickness were recorded using Cirrus SD-OCT at 0, 6, 12, and 24 months. Patients suffering from any ocular disease that could affect RNFL or GC + IPL thickness were excluded. Results: A total of 135 patients (70 women and 65 men, aged 65 \u00b1 15 years) were included. The average number of injections per patient was 12.4 \u00b1 2.4. Average RNFL and GC + IPL thickness prior to the first injection (87.6 \u00b1 12.2 and 47.2 \u00b1 15.5 respectively), and after 24-month follow-up (86.2 \u00b1 12.6 and 46.7 \u00b1 11.9 respectively) did not differ significantly (p &gt; 0.05). There was a significant decrease in GC2, GC5 segments, and minimum GC + IPL thickness. Conclusion: Repeated anti-VEGF treatment did not cause significant changes in the thickness of RNFL and GC + IPL layers over a period of 24 months. The detected decrease in GC2 and GC5 sectors, as well as in minimum GC + IPL thickness, could be a sign of ganglion cell damage induced by the treatment or could occur during the natural course of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T02:06:03Z","timestamp":1673402763000},"page":"138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Influence of Multiple Anti-VEGF Injections on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Patients with Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Maja","family":"Zivkovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Eye Hospital \u201cClinic Maja\u201d, 18000 Nis, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8859-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Radosavljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Eye Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Zlatanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Eye Hospital \u201cClinic Maja\u201d, 18000 Nis, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"Jaksic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Eye Clinic, Clinical Center Zvezdara, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofija","family":"Davidovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Stamenkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Clinical Center Zvezdara, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9009-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Todorovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Clinical Center Zvezdara, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Jaksic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Clinical Center Zvezdara, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3554","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003554","article-title":"Endogenous VEGF Is Required for Visual Function: Evidence for a Survival Role on M\u00fcller Cells and Photoreceptors","volume":"3","author":"Maharaj","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s12041-009-0068-0","article-title":"Mediators of ocular angiogenesis","volume":"88","author":"Qazi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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