{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:45:48Z","timestamp":1760147148058,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"The Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente funding"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente funding"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Eales disease is a clinical syndrome affecting the mid-peripheral retina with an idiopathic occlusive vasculitis and possible subsequent retinal neovascularization. The disease can develop into visually threatening complications. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 40-year-old Caucasian male with a history of cocaine abuse who presented with blurred vision in the left eye (LE). Fundus examination showed vitreous hemorrhages, peripheral sheathing of venous blood vessels, areas of retinal neovascularization in the LE, and peripheral occlusive phlebitis in the right eye. The full serologic panel was negative except for the heterozygous mutation of factor V Leiden. Clinical and biochemical parameters suggested a diagnosis of Eales disease. Therapy with dexamethasone, 1 mg per kg per day, tapered down slowly over 4 months, and peripheral laser photocoagulation allowed a regression of clinical signs and symptoms. Conclusion: This case shows an uncommon presentation of Eales disease associated with cocaine abuse. Both cocaine abuse and a thrombophilic pattern, as cofactors, might have sensitized the retinal microcirculation on the pathogenetic route to this retinal pathology. Furthermore, in view of this hypothesis, a thorough ocular and general medical history investigating drug abuse and coagulation disorders is recommended for ophthalmologists in such cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T02:29:55Z","timestamp":1673836195000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cocaine Abuse as an Immunological Trigger in a Case Diagnosed with Eales Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1790-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovico","family":"Iannetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Head and Neck Department, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5444-4377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Scarinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5366-882X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovico","family":"Alisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Head and Neck Department, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Beccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Head and Neck Department, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cacciamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Carmela","family":"Saturno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Mediterranea, 80122 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4991-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"Gharbiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Head and Neck Department, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Raizada, K., and Tripathy, K. 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Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/1\/169\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:06:23Z","timestamp":1760119583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/1\/169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59010169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59010169","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]}}}