{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T15:55:17Z","timestamp":1771257317777,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]],"date-time":"2023-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81902350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81902350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunotherapy is increasingly being used in the treatment of tumors. Adverse effects, however, are not uncommon, with the most common immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) including rash, fatigue, anemia, diarrhea, constipation, and elevated transaminase, among others. Rare IrAEs, which may include thrombocytopenia, hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis glomerulonephritis, Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, and celiac disease, may also present. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has not yet been reported on, and no research currently exists regarding its pathogenesis. We describe how a 50-year-old man diagnosed with advanced small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) developed severe PHPT after receiving the programmed cell death (PD)-1 inhibitor camrelizumab. The patient eventually died of respiratory failure and a progressive malignancy. We speculate that the hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia observed in this case were secondary to ICI-induced PHPT. Although fatal PHPT is rare, early intervention may reduce the risk of future complications. Therefore, further exploration of the underlying mechanisms is needed to guide solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59020215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T02:27:45Z","timestamp":1674440865000},"page":"215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patient: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2536-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.017","article-title":"Primary, Adaptive, and Acquired Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"168","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0160-6","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"6","author":"Brahmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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