{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T12:41:16Z","timestamp":1777812076061,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (r\/r AML) is a disease with a poor prognosis. Limited treatment options are available in r\/r AML. Here, we administered gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) as salvage therapy in twenty-four patients with r\/r AML. The aim of the study was to determine the role of GO in r\/r AML in real life. Material and Methods: This retrospective observational study recruited 24 adult patients with diagnosed r\/r AML from 2018 to 2022. Twenty-four patients with r\/r AML were treated with GO. GO treatment was used as monotherapy in 23 patients and in combination with cytarabine in 1 patient. At the time of diagnosis, the risk status of all patients was determined as favorable, intermediate, or adverse according to the 2017 ELN AML guidelines. Results: The median follow-up was 44.3 (13\u2013144) months. Fifteen (62.5%) of the twenty-four patients were in the intermediate-risk cytogenetics group and nine (37.5%) were in the favorable cytogenetics group. The most common adverse events included nausea\/vomiting in 79.17% (n = 19) of patients, headache in 62.50% (n = 15), elevated LFTs in 37.50% (n = 9), febrile neutropenia in 25% (n = 6), and bleeding in 25% (n = 6). The most common cause of death was infection. The most common causes of mortality were septic shock, accounting for 33.3% (n = 8) of deaths, and opportunistic lung infection, accounting for 12.5% (n = 3) of deaths. Acute infusion-related toxicities associated with GO were usually transient and, in most cases, responded to the standard of care treatment. After treatment with GO, 16.6% (n = 4) of patients achieved MLFS and 37.5% (n = 9) achieved CR. The overall response rate was 54.1%. The median overall survival time of the patients was 44 months (37.8\u201350.2 months). Disease-free survival was 22 months (0\u201348.6 months). The 5-year survival rate was 33%. Conclusions: A low dose of GO improved the overall survival and disease-free survival in r\/r AML patients. GO treatment had a positive safety profile in terms of toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59030498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T02:27:25Z","timestamp":1677810445000},"page":"498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Use of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin as Salvage Therapy in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Monocentric Real-World Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8657-1407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130brahim Halil","family":"A\u00e7ar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cukurova University, 01380 Adana, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birol","family":"Guvenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cukurova University, 01380 Adana, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e441","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2016.50","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia: A comprehensive review and 2016 update","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2019.04.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges","volume":"36","author":"Shallis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2021.101248","article-title":"Perspectives on current survival and new developments in AML","volume":"34","author":"Rowe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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