{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T01:25:56Z","timestamp":1782350756400,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The global trend toward increased protection of medical personnel from occupational radiation exposure requires efforts to promote protection from radiation on a societal scale. To develop effective educational programs to promote radiation protection, we clarify the actual status and stage of behavioral changes of spine surgeons regarding radiation protection. Materials and Methods: We used a web-based questionnaire to collect information on the actual status of radiation protection and stages of behavioral change according to the transtheoretical model. The survey was administered to all members of the Society for Minimally Invasive Spinal Treatment from 5 October to 5 November 2020. Results: Of 324 members of the Society for Minimally Invasive Spinal Treatment, 229 (70.7%) responded. A total of 217 participants were analyzed, excluding 12 respondents who were not exposed to radiation in daily practice. A trunk lead protector was used by 215 (99%) participants, while 113 (53%) preferred an apron-type protector. Dosimeters, thyroid protector, lead glasses, and lead gloves were used by 108 (50%), 116 (53%), 82 (38%), and 64 (29%) participants, respectively. While 202 (93%) participants avoided continuous irradiation, only 120 (55%) were aware of the source of the radiation when determining their position in the room. Regarding the behavioral change stage of radiation protection, 134 (62%) participants were in the action stage, while 37 (17%) had not even reached the contemplation stage. Conclusions: We found that even among the members of the Society for Minimally Invasive Spinal Treatment, protection of all vulnerable body parts was not fully implemented. Thus, development of educational programs that cover the familiar risks of occupational radiation exposure, basic protection methods in the operating room, and the effects of such protection methods on reducing radiation exposure in actual clinical practice is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59030545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T05:36:21Z","timestamp":1678685781000},"page":"545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Protective Attitudes toward Occupational Radiation Exposure among Spine Surgeons in Japan: An Epidemiological Description from the Survey by the Society for Minimally Invasive Spinal Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8619-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasukazu","family":"Hijikata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine and Low Back Pain Center, Kitasuma Hospital, Kyoto 654-0102, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Kotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka 570-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4800-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akinobu","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1190-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Morota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shinkomonji Hospital, Fukuoka 800-0057, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruki","family":"Funao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-0048, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3082-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Miyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0375, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3359-9684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadatsugu","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1985-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruo","family":"Kanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0094-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Society for Minimally Invasive Spinal Treatment, Tokyo 101-0063, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.08.012","article-title":"Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF): A novel surgical technique for anterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"6","author":"Ozgur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2012.6.2.89","article-title":"Complications and morbidities of mini-open anterior retroperitoneal lumbar interbody fusion: Oblique lumbar interbody fusion in 179 patients","volume":"6","author":"Silvestre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S126","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008318","article-title":"Posterior percutaneous spine instrumentation","volume":"9","author":"Lowery","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. 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