{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:17:48Z","timestamp":1793647068935,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Halitosis is a condition characterized by unpleasant breath smell that is starting to receive serious scientific attention, considering it reflects on people\u2019s social and personal life. While most studies focus on the prevalence of halitosis, its medical etiology, and the psychological impact on adults, there is a lack of evidence regarding the social impact of halitosis on the younger population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to observe the social and emotional impact that halitosis has on adolescents and young adults. Materials and Methods: The review followed the PRISMA protocol, and four electronic databases (Scopus, Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest) were searched. From a total of 593 studies retrieved, only 6 were included in the study after assessing the eligibility criteria. Results: The main results showed that the levels of self-reported halitosis ranged from 23.1% to 77.5%, with an average of 44.7%, indicating a significant heterogeneity among the studies reporting this issue. Adolescents and young adults who experienced bad breath were feeling more anxious and depressed according to the non-standardized questionnaires and the standardized questionnaires (OHIP-14 and SCL-9-R). The respondents were isolated from social interactions and consequently had lower self-esteem and impaired quality of life. Conclusions: The conclusions drawn indicate the need for action on a medical level, as well as on a psychological level, in order to improve people\u2019s oral health and help them navigate through the difficulties of maintaining social interactions as they live with halitosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59030564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T06:14:58Z","timestamp":1678774498000},"page":"564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Emotional and Social Impact of Halitosis on Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Raluca","family":"Briceag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aureliana","family":"Caraiane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900684 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gheorghe","family":"Raftu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razvan Mihai","family":"Horhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iulia","family":"Bogdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cVictor Babes\u201d Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0776-0809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana Manuela","family":"Fericean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cVictor Babes\u201d Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2402-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luai","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of General Medicine, Baskent University, Fatih Sultan, Ankara 06790, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malina","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Revolutiei Boulevard 9, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan Andrei","family":"Bumbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melania Lavinia","family":"Bratu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Revolutiei Boulevard 9, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Pricop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Revolutiei Boulevard 9, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serban","family":"Talpos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Revolutiei Boulevard 9, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Halitosis: A review of the literature on its prevalence, impact and control","volume":"12","author":"Akaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev. 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