{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:25:11Z","timestamp":1791300311642,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz f\u00fcr Innovation","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}]},{"name":"Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz f\u00fcr Innovation","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}]},{"name":"Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}]},{"name":"Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}]},{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}]},{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}]},{"name":"PHILIPS Medical Systems","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}]},{"name":"PHILIPS Medical Systems","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Tinnitus is a common symptom in medical practice, although data on its prevalence vary. As the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is still not fully understood, hearing loss is thought to be an important risk factor for the occurrence of tinnitus. The aim of this study was to assess tinnitus prevalence in a large German cohort and to determine its dependence on hearing impairment. Materials and Methods: The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based cohort study and representative for the population of Mainz and its district. Participants were asked whether they suffer from tinnitus and how much they are burdened by it. Extensive audiological examinations using bone- and air-conduction were also performed. Results: 4942 participants (mean age: 61.0, 2550 men and 2392 women) were included in the study. The overall prevalence of tinnitus was 26.1%. Men were affected significantly more often than women. The prevalence of tinnitus increased with age, peaking at ages 75 to 79 years. Considering only annoying tinnitus, the prevalence was 9.8%. Logistic regression showed that participants with severe to complete hearing loss (&gt;65 dB) were more likely to have tinnitus. Conclusions: Tinnitus is a common symptom, and given demographic changes, its prevalence is expected to increase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59030620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T03:15:03Z","timestamp":1679368503000},"page":"620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Tinnitus Prevalence in the Adult Population\u2014Results from the Gutenberg Health Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Berit","family":"Hackenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"D\u00f6ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl J.","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred E.","family":"Beutel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"M\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology\u2014Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine\u2014Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Schmidtmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp S.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine\u2014Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, 60549 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Matthias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Bahr-Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"382","author":"Baguley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(02)00160-3","article-title":"Classification and epidemiology of tinnitus","volume":"36","author":"Heller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. 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