{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:45:30Z","timestamp":1790109930946,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 15\u201320% of cases, Graves\u2019 disease (GD) shifts to Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis (HT), while the shift from HT to GD is rare. We present a case of a patient in whom HT shifted to GD, along with a literature review. A 50-year-old woman with myxedema was diagnosed with Hashimoto\u2019s disease due to hypothyroidism and the presence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb); she also had thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) without any signs of GD. Although thyroid hormone replacement therapy improved her thyroid function, 2 months later, hyperthyroidism appeared and did not improve after discontinuation of the replacement therapy. The patient was diagnosed with GD, which improved with antithyroid agent administration. To date, only 50 cases regarding conversion from HT to GD have been reported. The median age is 44 years (range, 23\u201382 years), and the median time of conversion is 7 years (range, 0.1\u201327 years). The male-to-female ratio of HT conversion to GD is 1:9, closer to that of regular GD (1:10) than that of general HT (1:18). All patients received thyroid hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism due to HT. Continuous evaluation of TSAb levels is recommended in HT, particularly in cases of TSAb-positive and those under replacement, since it may help predict conversion to GD. Evaluating the clinical characteristics of patients with HT preceding GD is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment and reduce the risk of adverse events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59040757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T04:33:26Z","timestamp":1681360406000},"page":"757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Autoimmune Thyroiditis Shifting from Hashimoto\u2019s Thyroiditis to Graves\u2019 Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2791-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narantsatsral","family":"Daramjav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3391-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junko","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Iwayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2983-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaori","family":"Uchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6642-6763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Inukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Otake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4093-9533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1822-9976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiyoshi","family":"Takami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R241","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0047","article-title":"Mechanisms in endocrinology: Autoimmune thyroid disease: Old and new players","volume":"170","author":"Effraimidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. 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