{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:04:15Z","timestamp":1760148255452,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan","award":["DMR-111-250","DMR-112-046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-111-250","DMR-112-046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have impaired pulmonary function both before and after surgery; therefore, pulmonary function assessments are important and should be performed both before and after open-heart surgery. This study aimed to compare pulmonary function between variant pediatric CHD types after open-heart surgery via spirometry. Methods: In this retrospective study, the data for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and the ratio between FEV1 and FVC (FEV1\/FVC) were collected from patients with CHD who underwent conventional spirometry between 2015 and 2017. Results: A total of 86 patients (55 males and 31 females, with a mean age of 13.24 \u00b1 3.32 years) were enrolled in our study. The diagnosis of CHD included 27.9% with atrial septal defects, 19.8% with ventricular septal defects, 26.7% with tetralogy of Fallot, 7.0% with transposition of the great arteries, and 46.5% with other diagnoses. Abnormal lung function was identified by spirometry assessments after surgery. Spirometry was abnormal in 54.70% of patients: obstructive type in 29.06% of patients, restrictive type in 19.76% of patients, and mixed type in 5.81% of patients. More abnormal findings were found in patients who received the Fontan procedure (80.00% vs. 35.80%, p = 0.048). Conclusions: Developing novel therapies to optimize pulmonary function will be critical for improving clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59040764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T09:23:43Z","timestamp":1681464223000},"page":"764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Single Center Observational Study of Spirometry Assessments in Children with Congenital Heart Disease after Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9278-5911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Heng","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsai-Chun","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Ho","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Yao","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeng-Shang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syuan-Yu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.14238\/pi58.4.2018.165-9","article-title":"Lung function test in children with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease","volume":"58","author":"Kurniawan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Paediatr. 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