{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:09:25Z","timestamp":1790863765899,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) is one of the most common causes of muscle atrophy and functional disability in critically ill intensive care patients. Clinical examination, manual muscle strength testing and monitoring are frequently hampered by sedation, delirium and cognitive impairment. Many different attempts have been made to evaluate alternative compliance-independent methods, such as muscle biopsies, nerve conduction studies, electromyography and serum biomarkers. However, they are invasive, time-consuming and often require special expertise to perform, making them vastly impractical for daily intensive care medicine. Ultrasound is a broadly accepted, non-invasive, bedside-accessible diagnostic tool and well established in various clinical applications. Hereby, neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS), in particular, has been proven to be of significant diagnostic value in many different neuromuscular diseases. In ICUAW, NMUS has been shown to detect and monitor alterations of muscles and nerves, and might help to predict patient outcome. This narrative review is focused on the recent scientific literature investigating NMUS in ICUAW and highlights the current state and future opportunities of this promising diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T02:27:56Z","timestamp":1682648876000},"page":"844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Neuromuscular Ultrasound in Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness: Current State and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Klawitter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6280-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwe","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Stra\u00dfe 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hubertus","family":"Axer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4587-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Patejdl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Health and Medical University Erfurt, 99089 Erfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7866-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Ehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0993-7","article-title":"Clinical review: Intensive care unit acquired weakness","volume":"19","author":"Hermans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. 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