{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:03:36Z","timestamp":1770836616889,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI) is frequently associated with symptoms of abdominal pain or discomfort that is overlooked or under-diagnosed in women. Despite the fact that pelvic venous insufficiency in men is very well documented, its occurrence in women needs to be further studied. Patients with pelvic varicose veins undergo a long and inconclusive diagnostic work-up before the exact cause of the symptoms is identified. Gonadal venous insufficiency (GVI) is a condition that can present acutely, leading to diagnostic challenges. We present a case report of a 47-year-old female with acute abdominal pain and GVI, where endovascular embolization was used for successful treatment. The patient was diagnosed with GVI based on imaging findings of an enlarged left ovarian vein with retrograde flow and dilated pelvic veins seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast material. Due to the severity of her symptoms and imaging findings, endovascular embolization was chosen as the treatment modality. The embolization was successful, and the patient\u2019s symptoms resolved completely. This case highlights the challenge of diagnosing GVI with acute clinical expression and the potential benefits of endovascular embolization as a treatment option. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal management strategies for acute GVI, but endovascular embolization should be considered a safe and effective option. At the same time, we present a short review of the recent literature data related to this topic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T03:24:32Z","timestamp":1683257072000},"page":"884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Female Gonadal Venous Insufficiency in a Clinical Presentation Which Suggested an Acute Abdomen\u2014A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0854-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergiu-Ciprian","family":"Matei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal Surgery and Phlebology Research Center, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"1st Surgical Clinic, \u201cPius Br\u00eenzeu\u201d Emergency County Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard No. 156, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8933-3060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina \u0218tefania","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microscopic Morphology\/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sq. Eftimie Murgu No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei-Ion","family":"Opri\u021boiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Surgical Clinic, \u201cPius Br\u00eenzeu\u201d Emergency County Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard No. 156, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucian","family":"Marian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Clinic, \u201cPius Br\u00eenzeu\u201d Emergency County Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard No. 156, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3045-6282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius-Sorin","family":"Murariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal Surgery and Phlebology Research Center, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"1st Surgical Clinic, \u201cPius Br\u00eenzeu\u201d Emergency County Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard No. 156, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sorin","family":"Olariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal Surgery and Phlebology Research Center, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"1st Surgical Clinic, \u201cPius Br\u00eenzeu\u201d Emergency County Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard No. 156, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-199807000-00004","article-title":"Female \u201cvaricocele\u201d: Two cases diagnosed by labeled red blood cell angioscintigraphy and treated by percutaneous phlebography and embolization","volume":"23","author":"Gasparini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2005.00631.x","article-title":"Varicose veins arising from the pelvis due to ovarian vein incompetence","volume":"59","author":"Hobbs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. 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