{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:09:23Z","timestamp":1760148563322,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: PolDrugs is the largest Polish naturalistic nationwide survey to present basic demographic and epidemiological data that could potentially prevent harm from illicit substances intake in drugs users. The most recent results were presented in 2021. The goal of this year\u2019s edition was to re-present the above data and compare it to the previous edition\u2019s data to identify and describe the differences. Materials and Methods: The survey included original questions about basic demographics, substance use, and psychiatric treatment. The survey was administered via the Google Forms platform and promoted via social media. The data was collected from 1117 respondents. Results: People of all ages use a variety of psychoactive substances in many situations. The three most commonly used drugs are marijuana, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and hallucinogenic mushrooms. The most common reason for seeking professional medical help was amphetamine use. A total of 41.7 percent of respondents were receiving psychiatric treatment. The three most common psychiatric diagnoses among the respondents were depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and ADHD. Conclusions: Key findings include increases in the use of psilocybin and DMT, increases in the use of heated tobacco products, and a near doubling in the percentage of individuals receiving psychiatric help in the past two years. These issues are discussed in the discussion section of this paper, which also addresses the limitations to the article.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T03:32:27Z","timestamp":1683689547000},"page":"908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Need for Psychiatric Treatment among Polish Users of Psychoactive Substances Is Increasing: This and Other Results from the Newest PolDrugs Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2404-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gniewko","family":"Wi\u0119ckiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Marek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Circle in Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Social Drug Policy Initiative, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7283-5491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iga","family":"Stok\u0142osa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Szafoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Circle in Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Pluta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Drug Policy Initiative, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Smukowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Drug Policy Initiative, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"\u017bebrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Drug Policy Initiative, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Stok\u0142osa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Gorczyca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5748-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Pudlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychoprophylaxis, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"(2023, February 16). Curlytales.com. Available online: https:\/\/curlytales.com\/countries-where-weed-is-legal-you-can-freely-light-up-a-joint\/.","key":"ref_1"},{"unstructured":"(2023, February 16). Forbes. Available online: https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/davidcarpenter\/2023\/02\/06\/australia-the-first-nation-to-approve-the-legal-use-of-mdma-and-psilocybin\/.","key":"ref_2"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"119","article-title":"Wyniki og\u00f3lnopolskiej ankiety \u201ePolDrugs 2021\u201d\u2014Kim s\u0105 polscy u\u017cytkownicy substancji psychoaktywnych?","volume":"18","author":"Wieckiewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatria"},{"unstructured":"(2023, February 16). Science In Poland\u2014Polish Press Agency. Available online: https:\/\/scienceinpoland.pap.pl\/en\/news\/news%2C86807%2Caverage-polish-drug-user-24-year-old-male-large-city-finds-shocking-new-survey.html.","key":"ref_4"},{"unstructured":"(2023, February 16). Super Express. Available online: https:\/\/polityka.se.pl\/wiadomosci\/mlody-kawaler-i-z-duzego-miasta-taki-jest-statystyczny-polski-narkoman-aa-CJkg-49ti-382K.html.","key":"ref_5"},{"unstructured":"(2023, February 16). Polskie Towarzystwo Psychodeliczne. Available online: https:\/\/naukapsychodeliczna.org.","key":"ref_6"},{"unstructured":"(2023, February 16). Los Angeles Times. Available online: https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/california\/newsletter\/2023-02-14\/the-gnarly-and-painful-therapeutic-potential-of-magic-mushrooms-group-therapy.","key":"ref_7"},{"unstructured":"(2023, February 16). Forbes. Available online: https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/benjaminadams\/2023\/02\/07\/microdose-mentors-zenchronicity-helps-to-unlock-psilocybin.","key":"ref_8"},{"unstructured":"(2023, February 16). New York Times. Available online: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/02\/10\/well\/mind\/psychedelics-therapy-ketamine-mushrooms-risks.html.","key":"ref_9"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2018.119","article-title":"Amanita muscaria (fly agaric): From a shamanistic hallucinogen to the search for acetylcholine","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. R. Coll. Physicians Edinb."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00241","article-title":"Economic Consequences of the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Need for Epidemic Preparedness","volume":"8","author":"Pak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Economic consequences of the Russia-Ukraine war: A brief overview","volume":"23","year":"2022","journal-title":"Espac. E Econ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01433","article-title":"New ideas, old problems? Heated tobacco products\u2013a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Jankowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bravo-Guti\u00e9rrez, O.A., Falf\u00e1n-Valencia, R., Ram\u00edrez-Venegas, A., Sansores, R.H., Ponciano-Rodr\u00edguez, G., and P\u00e9rez-Rubio, G. (2021). Lung Damage Caused by Heated Tobacco Products and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","key":"ref_14","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084079"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Dyck, E., Ponnet, K., Van Havere, T., Hauspie, B., Dirkx, N., Schrooten, J., Waldron, J., Grabski, M., Freeman, T.P., and Curran, H.V. (2023). Substance Use and Attendance Motives of Electronic Dance Music (EDM) Event Attendees: A Survey Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","key":"ref_15","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031821"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bijlsma, L., Celma, A., Castiglioni, S., Salgueiro-Gonz\u00e1lez, N., Bou-Iserte, L., Baz-Lomba, J.A., Reid, M.J., Dias, M.J., Lopes, A., and Matias, J. (2020). Monitoring psychoactive substance use at six European festivals through wastewater and pooled urine analysis. Sci. Total Environ., 725.","key":"ref_16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138376"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.117","article-title":"Prevalence of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"281","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Limone, P., Toto, G.A., and Messina, G. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war on stress and anxiety in students: A systematic review. Front. Psychiatry, 13.","key":"ref_18","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1081013"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2022.07.845","article-title":"Impact of the Russian Invasion on Mental Health of Adolescents in Ukraine","volume":"62","author":"Osokina","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/5\/908\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:32:20Z","timestamp":1760124740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/5\/908"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59050908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59050908","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1648-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]}}}