{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:52:25Z","timestamp":1773118345005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Office of the Dean of Biomedical Sciences at Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The third segment of the axillary artery (TSAA) is the main vascular supply to the muscles of the upper limb. Numerous studies have reported atypical branching patterns of the TSAA, which can complicate operative interventions involving structures supplied by this segment of the artery. Our current study evaluated a previously undescribed branching pattern in the TSAA, in which the subscapular artery gave rise to an unusual posterior humeral circumflex artery, and a second subscapular artery. In addition, a third variant was found in the origin of the thoracodorsal artery: two collateral horizontal arteries supplying the deep medial surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Vascular anatomical variants may affect the classical upper limb interventions requiring modification of the traditional surgical approaches. This case report aims to evaluate these variants from a clinical perspective regarding the management of upper limb trauma, axillary, breast, and muscle flap surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T03:49:06Z","timestamp":1683690546000},"page":"913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unusual Vascular Distribution in the Third Segment of the Axillary Artery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ramos-Alicea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Marcano-Anaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7286-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Loomis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Mayaguez Medical Center, Mayaguez, PR 00960, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8375-0645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jailenne I.","family":"Qui\u00f1ones-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"A Case of an extremely rare unilateral subscapular trunk and axillary artery variation in a male Causasian: Comparison to the prevalence within other populations","volume":"96","author":"Goldman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Morphol. 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