{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:48:42Z","timestamp":1788274122186,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is diagnosed based on the presence of clinical symptoms such as rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching using negative skin prick testing and serum IgE assessment. Several novel studies have shown that it is possible to use the assessment of nasal sIgE (specific immunoglobulin E) secretion as an additional diagnostic criterion for local allergic rhinitis. Additionally, allergen immunotherapy is a promising\u2014albeit still not fully assessed and evaluated\u2014future method of managing patients with LAR. In this review, the historical background, epidemiology, and main pathophysiological mechanisms of LAR shall be presented. Additionally, we address the current state of knowledge based on selected articles regarding the assessment of the local mucosal IgE presence in response to exposure to such allergens as mites, pollen, molds, and others. The impact of LAR on quality of life as well as the possible options of management (including allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which showed promising results) will then be presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T02:36:59Z","timestamp":1683859019000},"page":"929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Challenges in Local Allergic Rhinitis Diagnosis, Management, and Research: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1765-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad Mahdi","family":"Mortada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 92-213 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0653-7533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Kurowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 92-213 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.07.018","article-title":"Nasal inflammatory mediators and specific IgE production after nasal challenge with grass pollen in local allergic rhinitis","volume":"124","author":"Campo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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