{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:09:45Z","timestamp":1760148585986,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Colchicine has been proposed as a cytokine storm-blocking agent for COVID-19 due to its efficacy as an anti-inflammatory drug. The findings of the studies were contentious on the role of colchicine in preventing deterioration in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of colchicine in COVID-19-hospitalized patients. Design: A retrospective observational cohort study was carried out at three major isolation hospitals in Alexandria (Egypt), covering multiple centers. In addition, a systematic review was conducted by searching six different databases for published studies on the utilization of colchicine in patients with COVID-19 until March 2023. The primary outcome measure was to determine whether colchicine could decrease the number of days that the patient needed supplemental oxygen. The secondary outcomes were to evaluate whether colchicine could reduce the number of hospitalization days and mortality rate in these patients. Results: Out of 515 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 411 were included in the survival analysis. After adjusting for the patients\u2019 characteristics, patients not receiving colchicine had a shorter length of stay (median: 7.0 vs. 6.0 days) and fewer days of supplemental oxygen treatment (median: 6.0 vs. 5.0 days), p &lt; 0.05, but there was no significant difference in mortality rate. In a subgroup analysis based on oxygen equipment at admission, patients admitted on nasal cannula\/face masks who did not receive colchicine had a shorter duration on oxygen supply than those who did [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.76 (CI 0.59\u20130.97)]. Using cox-regression analysis, clarithromycin compared to azithromycin in colchicine-treated patients was associated with a higher risk of longer duration on oxygen supply [HR = 1.77 (CI 1.04\u20132.99)]. Furthermore, we summarized 36 published colchicine studies, including 114,878 COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: COVID-19-hospitalized patients who were given colchicine had poorer outcomes in terms of the duration of supplemental oxygen use and the length of their hospital stay. Therefore, based on these findings, the use of colchicine is not recommended for COVID-19-hospitalized adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T10:49:51Z","timestamp":1683888591000},"page":"934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oxygen Saturation in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients and Its Relation to Colchicine Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study with an Updated Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2894-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandy","family":"Sharaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, Maamora Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21923, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2689-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha","family":"Ashmawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, Maamora Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21923, Egypt"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Administration, Directorate of Health Affairs, MoHP, Alexandria 21554, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, El-Gomhoria General Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21566, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayada","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, El-Gomhoria General Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21566, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9501-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousra","family":"El-Maradny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alamein 51718, Egypt"},{"name":"Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Zari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Princess Dr. Najlaa Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahinda","family":"Aly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, Maamora Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21923, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Tolba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, Abou-Kir General Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21913, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Mahrous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, Maamora Chest Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21923, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6978-8770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, Abou-Kir General Hospital, MoHP, Alexandria 21913, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8246-0075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elrashdy","family":"Redwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, April 09). 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