{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:40:03Z","timestamp":1782520803808,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) during pregnancy is accompanied by a poor prognosis for both mother and fetus in the absence of prompt management by multidisciplinary teams. We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE for clinical studies addressing the management of infective endocarditis during pregnancy, with the aim of realizing a literature review ranging from risk factors to diagnostic investigations to optimal therapeutic management for mother and fetus alike. The presence of previous cardiovascular pathologies such as rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, prosthetic valves, hemodialysis, intravenous catheters or immunosuppression are the main risk factors predisposing patients to IE during pregnancy. The identification of modern risk factors such as intracardiac devices and intravenous drug administration as well as genetic diagnostic methods such as cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) next-generation sequencing require that these cases be addressed in multidisciplinary teams. Guiding treatment to eradicate infection and protect the fetus simultaneously creates challenges for cardiologists and gynecologists alike.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T10:49:51Z","timestamp":1683888591000},"page":"939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Infective Endocarditis during Pregnancy\u2014Keep It Safe and Simple!"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Viviana Aursulesei","family":"Onofrei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, II, III and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7313-3320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Andreea","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, II, III and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Pantelimon Halipa Street No. 14, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2334-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragos Traian Marius","family":"Marcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, II, III and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Pneumophthisiology Ia\u0219i, Doctor Iosif Cihac Street No. 30, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3732-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu","family":"Crisan Dabija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, II, III and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Pneumophthisiology Ia\u0219i, Doctor Iosif Cihac Street No. 30, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-9051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandr","family":"Ceasovschih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, II, III and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, II, III and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7721-554X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena-Daniela","family":"Grigorescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, II, III and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1239-8058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoneta Dacia","family":"Petroaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, II, III and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1801-9327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Mitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialties I, II, III and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Pantelimon Halipa Street No. 14, 700661 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Academy of Medical Sciences, Ion C. Br\u0103tianu Boulevard No. 1, 030167 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Academy of Romanian Scientists, Professor Dr. Doc. Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard No. 433, 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6835a3","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy-Related Deaths\u2014United States, 2007\u20132016","volume":"68","author":"Petersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Infective Endocarditis during Pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302011000200023","article-title":"Historical Aspects of Infective Endocarditis","volume":"57","author":"Grinberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. 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