{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:08:44Z","timestamp":1760148524402,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objective: Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) is a technique of local anesthesia commonly used in the surgical treatment of a wide variety of conditions affecting the upper extremity, including Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The recent retrospective studies investigated patient experiences in a wide variety of hand disorder-related cases. The aim of our study is to evaluate patient satisfaction regarding open surgical treatment for CTS using the WALANT technique. Material and\u00a0Methods: we enrolled 82 patients with CTS without medical record of surgical treatment for CTS. For WALANT, a hand surgeon used a combination of 1:200,000 epinephrine, 1% lidocaine, and 1 mL 8.4% sodium bicarbonate solution without tourniquet application and sedating the patient. All patients were treated in a day-care setting. For assessment of patient experience, Lalonde\u2019s questionnaire was adapted. Participants completed survey twice: one month and six months after the surgical treatment was performed. Results: the median pre-operative pain score for all patients was 4 (range 0\u20138) after one month and 3 (range 1\u20138) after six months. The median intraoperative pain score for all patients was 1 (range 0\u20138) after one month and 1 (range 1\u20137) after six months. The median post-operative pain score for all patients was 3 (range 0\u20139) after one month and 1 (range 0\u20138) after six months. More than half (61% after one month and 73% after six months) of the patients responded by stating that their real experience of WALANT was better than their initial expectations. An absolute majority of patients (95% after one month and 90% after six months) would recommend WALANT treatment to their relatives. Conclusions: overall, patient satisfaction with treatment for CTS using WALANT is high. Furthermore, complications related to the performed treatment and persistent post-operative pain could be associated with more reliable patient recall of this healthcare intervention. A longer period of time between intervention and assessment of patient experience could possibly be a reason for recall bias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59050979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T01:26:41Z","timestamp":1684459601000},"page":"979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet Surgery of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Patients\u2019 Experience and Recall Bias in a Day-Care Setting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Saulius","family":"Knystautas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevi\u010diaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u0119stutis","family":"Braziulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevi\u010diaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Zacharevskij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevi\u010diaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolis","family":"Varkalys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevi\u010diaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"\u0160imatonien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Mathematics and Biophysics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevi\u010diaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loreta","family":"Pilipaityt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevi\u010diaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e27053","article-title":"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Comprehensive Guidelines for Clinical Evaluation and Treatment","volume":"14","author":"Joshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e7333","article-title":"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Review of Literature","volume":"12","author":"Genova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"2761","article-title":"Case-control study on individual risk factors of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. 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