{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:10:11Z","timestamp":1780578611103,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Although cognitive-behavioral therapy is the first-line treatment for insomnia, pharmacotherapy is often prescribed to treat insomnia and related symptoms. In addition, muscle relaxants are commonly prescribed to alleviate muscle soreness when the pain is unbearable. However, pharmacotherapy can lead to numerous side effects. The non-drug strategy intravascular laser irradiation of blood (iPBM) has been advocated to improve pain, wound healing, blood circulation, and blood cell function to relieve insomnia and muscle soreness symptoms. Therefore, we assessed whether iPBM improves blood parameters and compared drug use before and after iPBM therapy. Methods: Consecutive patients who received iPBM therapy between January 2013 and August 2021 were reviewed. The associations between laboratory data, pharmacotherapies, and iPBM therapy were retrospectively analyzed. We compared patient characteristics, blood parameters, and drug use within the three months before the first treatment and the three months after the last treatment. We also compared the changes before and after treatment in patients who received \u226510 or 1\u20139 iPBM treatments. Result: We assessed 183 eligible patients who received iPBM treatment. Of them, 18 patients reported insomnia disturbance, and 128 patients reported pain in any part of their body. After the treatment, HGB and HCT significantly increased after treatment in both the \u226510 and 1\u20139 iPBM treatment groups (HGB p &lt; 0.001 and p = 0.046; HCT p &lt; 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively). Pharmacotherapy analysis revealed no significant differences in drug use before and after treatment, though drug use tended to decrease after iPBM. Conclusions: iPBM therapy is an efficient, beneficial, and feasible treatment that increases HGB and HCT. While the results of this study do not support the suggestion that iPBM reduces drug use, further larger studies using symptom scales are needed to confirm the changes in insomnia and muscle soreness after iPBM treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59061006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T01:29:26Z","timestamp":1684891766000},"page":"1006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of Intravascular Photobiomodulation on Insomnia, Muscle Soreness, and Biochemistry Profiles: An Eight-Year Retrospective Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0827-7368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Po","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Education, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruei-Sian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Care Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Shen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Administration, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Shuen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Administration, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4005-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-Tsu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2022.03.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden","volume":"17","author":"Morin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med. 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