{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:14:52Z","timestamp":1787163292693,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Delirium is an acute and typically reversible failure of essential cognitive and attentional functions and is a growing public health concern, with an incidence of 20\u201350% in patients older than 65 after major surgery and 61% in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Numerous treatment strategies have been examined with no conclusive results. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of a three-day low-dose risperidone treatment protocol, 0.5 mg BID, in treating delirium in elderly hospitalized orthopedic surgery department patients. Methods: This study is a prospective non-randomized study involving the senior patient population, older than 65, in an Orthopedic Surgery Department in 2019 and 2020. Delirium was diagnosed by a confusion assessment method (CAM) questionnaire. A three-day 0.5 mg risperidone BID treatment protocol was initiated following diagnosis. Patient data collected included age, gender, chronic diseases, type of surgery and anesthesia and delirium characteristics. Results: The delirium study group included 47 patients with an average age of 84.4 years (\u00b18.6), of whom 53.2% were females. Delirium incidence was 3.7% in all patients older than 65 (1759 patients) and 9.3% in the proximal femoral fracture group. We did not correlate electrolyte imbalance, anemia, polypharmacy and chronic diseases to delirium onset characteristics. Following the three-day low-dose risperidone treatment protocol, 0.5 mg BID, 14.9% of the patients showed CAM score normalization after one day of treatment, and 93.6% within two days. Conclusions: We found our rigid three-day low-dose risperidone treatment protocol, 0.5 mg BID, efficacious in fast delirium resolution, without side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59061052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T02:01:15Z","timestamp":1685498475000},"page":"1052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Efficacy of Low-Dose Risperidone Treatment for Post-Surgical Delirium in Elderly Orthopedic Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7968-7906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotan","family":"Raphael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv 5822012, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Epstein","family":"Edna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv 5822012, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaykov","family":"Irina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv 5822012, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2975-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hershkovich","family":"Oded","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv 5822012, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000576","article-title":"The impact of incident postoperative delirium on survival of elderly patients after surgery for hip fracture repair","volume":"121","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth. 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