{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:12:23Z","timestamp":1771233143608,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Increasing attention is being paid to the coagulation disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bleeding accounts for 3\u20136% of COVID-19 patient deaths, and is often a forgotten part of the disease. The bleeding risk is enhanced by several factors, including spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, the hyperfibrinolytic state, the consumption of coagulation factors, and thromboprophylaxis with anticoagulants. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of TAE in the management of bleeding in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study analyzes data from COVID-19 patients subjected to transcatheter arterial embolization for the management of bleeding from February 2020 to January 2023. Results: Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed in 73 COVID-19 patients for acute non-neurovascular bleeding during the study interval (February 2020\u2013January 2023). Coagulopathy was observed in forty-four (60.3%) patients. The primary cause of bleeding was spontaneous soft tissue hematoma (63%). A 100% technical success rate was recorded; six cases of rebleeding resulted in a 91.8% clinical success rate. No cases of non-target embolization were observed. Complications were recorded in 13 (17.8%) patients. The efficacy and safety endpoints did not differ significantly between the coagulopathy and non-coagulopathy groups. Conclusions: Transcatheter Arterial Embolization (TAE) is an effective, safe and potentially life-saving option for the management of acute non-neurovascular bleeding in COVID-19 patients. This approach is effective and safe even in the subgroup of COVID-19 patients with coagulopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59061062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T01:40:56Z","timestamp":1685583656000},"page":"1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Transcatheter Arterial Embolization (TAE) in the Management of Bleeding in the COVID-19 Patient"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7680-0851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Minici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3809-5696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0979-4519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Guzzardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agostino","family":"Siciliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Piacentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4477-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3840-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9525-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Guerriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biagio","family":"Apollonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, San Timoteo Hospital, 86039 Termoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5081-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MGJR","family":"Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magna Graecia Junior Radiologists Research Team, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Brunese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"},{"name":"Scientific Committee of the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9158-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Lagan\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2020). 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