{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:21:12Z","timestamp":1789568472526,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian Leydig cell tumor is a rare type of ovarian steroid cell neoplasms, presenting in only 0.1% of all ovarian tumor cases, and is generally androgen-secreting and unilateral. Although they are often malignant non-spreading tumors, which have excellent prognosis, benign ovarian Leydig cell tumors with low-risk malignancy can be also detected. Ovarian hyperthecosis is a rare non-neoplastic disorder, in most cases bilateral. Ovarian tumors and ovarian hyperthecosis are one of the main causes of hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women, a condition strongly associated with both hormonal and metabolic changes. Here, we report a 65-year-old patient with complaints of excessive body hairiness and alopecia. The laboratory investigation showed increased levels of serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). Imaging, including transvaginal ultrasound and pelvic MRI revealed the presence of two masses in the ovaries. The patient underwent a laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy due to the ovarian tumors unknown etiology, and histopathological examination revealed a unilateral benign left ovarian Leydig cell tumor with bilateral ovarian stromal hyperplasia and ovarian hyperthecosis. Making differential diagnosis between ovarian tumors and ovarian hyperthecosis is difficult. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the treatment of choice in postmenopausal women with benign Leydig cell ovarian tumor, as well as ovarian hyperthecosis, as it offers both a cure and diagnostic confirmation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59061097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T01:38:41Z","timestamp":1686101921000},"page":"1097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ovarian Leydig Cell Tumor and Ovarian Hyperthecosis in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4522-0600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Bu\u017einskien\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u016bta","family":"Mar\u010diukaityt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelina","family":"\u0160idlovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilius","family":"Rudaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R79","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0468","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism after menopause","volume":"172","author":"Markopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2020.12.002","article-title":"Postmenopausal Hyperandrogenism","volume":"50","author":"Zaman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2018.1517148","article-title":"Diagnostic pitfalls in ovarian androgen-secreting (Leydig cell) tumours: Case series","volume":"39","author":"Fanta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e240937","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-240937","article-title":"Ovarian Leydig cell tumor and postmenopausal hirsutism with signs of virilisation","volume":"14","author":"Ferrinho","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep. CP"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0111","article-title":"Discriminating between virilizing ovary tumors and ovary hyperthecosis in postmenopausal women: Clinical data, hormonal profiles and image studies","volume":"177","author":"Yance","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.1903419","article-title":"Hyperthecosis: An underestimated nontumorous cause of hyperandrogenism","volume":"37","author":"Meczekalski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol. 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Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"565","article-title":"Effect of Bilateral Oophorectomy on Women\u2019s Long-Term Health","volume":"5","author":"Parker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Womens Health"}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/6\/1097\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:49:30Z","timestamp":1760125770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/59\/6\/1097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina59061097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59061097","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]}}}